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Aiwa, zvido zvevanhu vakawanda zvinogumira


naMartin Auer

Mabhuku ezvoupfumi anoda kutsanangura dambudziko guru rezvemari seizvi: Zvinhu zvinowanika kuvanhu zvishoma, asi zvido zvevanhu hazvina pazvinogumira. Kuti musikirwo womunhu kuda zvakawanda zvikuru kunowanzodavirwa nevakawanda. Asi ichokwadi here? Dai chaive chokwadi, chaizopa chipingamupinyi chikuru pakushandisa zviwanikwa izvo nyika inotipa nenzira yakagadzikana.

Iwe unofanirwa kusiyanisa pakati pezvaunoda uye zvaunoda. Panewo zvinodikanwa zvinokosha zvinoda kugutswa nguva nenguva, zvakadai sokudya nokunwa. Kunyange zvazvo iwaya asingatongogutsikani zvakakwana chero bedzi munhu ari mupenyu, hazvidi kuti munhu aunganidze zvakawanda zvikuru. Zvakafanana nezvinodikanwa zvembatya, pokugara, zvichingodaro, apo zvinhu zvinofanira kutsiviwa zvakare uyezve sezvazvinosakara. Asi kuva nezvishuvo zvisina muganhu zvinoreva kuda kuunganidza uye kudya zvinhu zvakawanda.

Nyanzvi dzepfungwa Paul G. Bain naRenate Bongiorno vanobva kuYunivhesiti yeBath muGreat Britain vakaita ongororo [1] yakaitwa kuti ijekese nyaya iyi. Vakaongorora kuti imarii yaizodiwa nevanhu munyika 33 mumakondinendi matanhatu kuti vakwanise kurarama upenyu “hwakanyatsonaka. Vapinduri vanofanira kufungidzira kuti vaigona kusarudza pakati pemarotari akasiyana ane huwandu hwakasiyana hwemari yemubairo. Kuhwina lottery hakusanganisi chero zvisungo zvekutenda, nyanzvi kana bhizinesi zvisungo kana mabasa. Kune vanhu vazhinji, kuhwina lottery ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekupfuma yavanogona kuzvifungidzira ivo pachavo. Mibairo yemarotari akasiyana-siyana yakatanga pamadhora zviuru gumi uye yakawedzera zvakapetwa kagumi nguva yega yega, kureva $6, $10.000 miriyoni zvichingodaro kusvika kumadhora zana. Yese lottery inofanirwa kunge iine mukana wakafanana wekuhwina, saka kuhwina 100.000 bhiriyoni kunofanirwa kunge kwakangoita sekuhwina zviuru gumi zvemadhora. Fungidziro yemasayendisiti yaive yekuti vanhu vane zvishuwo zvisina muganhu vaizoda mari yakawanda sezvinobvira, i.e. vaizosarudza mukana wepamusoro wepurofiti. Vamwe vose vakasarudza kuhwina kushoma vaizofanira kuva nezvishuvo zvakaganhurirwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inofanira kushamisa vanyori vemabhuku ehupfumi: vashoma chete ndivo vaida kuwana mari yakawanda sezvinobvira, pakati pe1 ne100 muzana zvichienderana nenyika. Munyika 100 muzana, vanhu vakawanda vaidavira kuti vaigona kurarama upenyu hwavo hwose hwakanakisisa vachitenga mamiriyoni gumi emadhora kana kuti pasi, uye mune dzimwe nyika mari inosvika miriyoni imwe chete yemadhora kana kuti isingasviki yaizobatsira vakawanda vaipindura. Mari iri pakati pe10.000 miriyoni ne8 bhiriyoni yakanga iri kudiwa zvishoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vangave vakasarudza pane - yakati wandei - ine mwero huwandu kana kuti vaida zvese. Kune vatsvakurudzi, izvi zvaireva kuti vaigona kupatsanura vaipindura kuva "vasingaguti" uye avo vane zvishuwo zvishoma. Chikamu che "voracious" chaive chakafanana munyika "dzakabudirira" uye "dzisina kusimukira". "Vasingagutsikani" vaiwanzowanikwa pakati pevechiduku vanogara mumaguta. Asi hukama pakati pe "voracious" nevaya vane zvishuvo zvishoma hazvina kusiyana maererano nevakadzi, boka revanhu, dzidzo kana zvematongerwo enyika. Vamwe ve "vakashata" vakati vaida kushandisa hupfumi hwavo kugadzirisa matambudziko emagariro, asi ruzhinji rwemapoka maviri aya aida kushandisa purofiti ivo chete, mhuri yavo neshamwari. 

$1 miriyoni kusvika kumamiriyoni gumi emadhora—chikamu icho vakawanda vakabvunzwa vangararama upenyu hwavo hwakakwana—chinoonekwa sepfuma, kunyanya munyika dzine urombo. Asi ikoko hakungave kupfuma kwakanyanyisa nemaitiro ekuMadokero. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeNew York kana London, miriyoni yemadhora yaisazotenga imba yemhuri, uye mari inosvika mamiriyoni gumi emadhora ishoma pane inotambirwa pagore nevakuru vakuru vemakambani makuru mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emuUS, iri pakati pemadhora gumi nemana nemadhora gumi nematanhatu. mamiriyoni. 

Kuziva kuti zvishuvo zvevoruzhinji hazvimbogutswi kune migumisiro inosvika kure. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti vanhu kazhinji havaite zvavanotenda, asi pane zvavanofunga kuti ndizvo zvinotendwa nevazhinji. Maererano nevanyori, kana vanhu vachiziva kuti "zvakajairika" kuva nezvishuvo zvishoma, ivo havanyanyi kutarisana nekukurudzira nguva dzose kudya zvakawanda. Imwe pfungwa ndeyokuti nharo huru yemafungiro ekukura kwehupfumi husingagumi haigoneki. Nekune rumwe rutivi, nzwisiso iyi inogona kupa huremu hwakawanda kune nharo dzemutero kune vakapfuma. Mutero wehupfumi hunopfuura madhora gumi emamiriyoni haungagadzirise mararamiro evanhu vazhinji "akanaka kwazvo". Kuziva kuti zvishuvo zvevanhu vazhinji zvakaganhurirwa kunofanira kutipa ushingi kana tichida kutsigira kugarika kwakanyanya mumativi ese ehupenyu.

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[1] Kwakabva: Bain, PG, Bongiorno, R. Uchapupu hunobva kunyika makumi matatu nenhatu hunopikisa fungidziro yezvido zvisingaperi. Nat Sustain 33:5-669 (673).
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00902-y

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