Elisabeth Oberzaucher
"Ngati miyambo itenga gawo ndikusasiya njira zatsopano, anthu amakhala opanda chiyembekezo."
Ngati anthu asinthana ndi zomwe zilipo, ndiye kuti ena akutsata njira yomweyo. Ngati ambiri amachita chimodzimodzi, zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Kuchokera pamalingaliro osinthika, kusambira koyambira ndi njira yothandiza kuchokera pamalingaliro amunthu, chifukwa zimatengera lingaliro loti ngati zatsimikizira kuti zikuyenda bwino kwa ena, ndiye kuti zikuyenera kupitiliza kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Chifukwa chake, iwo omwe amakhala ngati ena kale komanso pambali pawo amapezeka kwambiri kuposa omwe akufuna kuchita zawo. Kwa munthu payekha, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kusambira ndi unyinji, chifukwa ammudzi, komabe, wolota, wosasintha, wopanga nzeru ndiwofunikira.
Kwa anthu ambiri, kuyanjana pakati pa miyambo ndi chidziwitso ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizike kuti zikuyendabe. Ngati miyambo ikuluza ndikusasiya njira zatsopano, anthu amakhala opanda nkhawa ndipo sangathe kusintha. Ngakhale njira zothetsera mavuto omwe alipo pakadali pano, sichinthu chanzeru kupanga izi kukhala zokhazo. Dzikoli silimakhala m'malo, m'malo mwake limadziwika ndi kusintha kosintha kwa zinthu. Kusintha kokhako komwe kumapangitsa gulu kusintha zomwe zimachitika. Imawonetsetsa kuti kusunthika ndikusungidwa, komwe ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zatsopano.
Zokhutiritsa kapena nkhani ya umunthu
Iwo amene amasambira ndi mtsinje, amapita njira yosavuta, osataya chilichonse, ndikusunga mphamvu zawo. Iwo ndi omwe asinthidwa, azikhalidwe, okhazikika. Iwo ndi omwe amasunga zomwe zidalipo. Alinso omwe ena sangakhumudwe nawo. Iwo omwe amasambira pamafunde sakhala omangika: amachititsa chipwirikiti, amalowa munjira, ndipo amasokoneza machitidwe omwe adakhazikika munjira zawo.
Kusiyana kwamwini m'makhalidwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana apangidwe. Mitundu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imakhazikitsidwa pamitundu isanu: Umunthu wosasunthika, chikumbumtima, chisangalalo, kuyanjana komanso kumasuka ku zochitika zatsopano. Wotsirizayo ndi yemwe ali ndiudindo waukulu kwambiri mpaka wina wakonzekera kusiya njira yomenyedwa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe kumasuka ku zochitika zatsopano kumatchulidwanso zochita zawo.
Kusintha kumafunika kusinthasintha
kusanduka History Sichodabwitsa kuti si anthu onse omwe ali ndi umunthu wofanana. M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza, kusakaniza, kusiyanasiyana kumapangitsa anthu kupuma. Moyo ndi zovuta zomwe zikugwirizana nazo zikusintha nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti malingaliro atsopano, njira ndi njira zikulimbana nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mayankho opitilira limodzi pa funso, ndipo nthawi zambiri yankho lomwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali sili lolondola. Kupititsa patsogolo komwe matekinoloje amakumana nako pakusintha malo okhala kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri kuti tisasinthe mayankho athu. Timakwaniritsa kusinthaku ngati gulu popeza pali kusintha kwamunthu aliyense payekha.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti enanso Osakhutitsidwa ndi omwe amanamizira. Sizipanga kusiyana kuti kusiyana kumakhala chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro ndi malingaliro, kapena mawonekedwe, malingaliro, kapena amuna. Kupatuka pachimake kumatanthauza kuti zojambula wamba ndi njira sizabwino pano. Kukhutira kotero nkovuta kumvetsetsa, kungoika template pamwamba pawo sikokwanira. Amafuna kuti tizithana nawo chifukwa sitinakhalepo ndi malingaliro oyambira.
Tikuwayimba mlandu chifukwa cha kuyesetsa komweku chifukwa amatikana njira yosavuta. Sizothandiza kwenikweni koyambirira, ngakhale kusiyana kungabweretse zotsatira zabwino pagulu. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ali anthu omwe, mosiyana ndi malingaliro a anthu wamba, amafalitsa mfundo monga zachifundo mwakufunikira kwawo, kapena anthu omwe, potsatira zolinga zawo, amakhala ovuta kwa ena onse - machitidwe oterowo sagwirizana ndi anthu wamba.
Zokhutira ndi chipinda chachitukuko
Pagulu, zopanda chilungamo izi ndizosathandiza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tiyenera kuchipangitsa kuti chikhale chikhalidwe chathu kuvomereza kusinthasintha, kuyamika, ndipo - mwinanso koposa zonse - kuzipangitsa kuti ziwonekere.
M'masiku ano omwe amasinthasintha, zovuta zamasiku ano zimakhala atsogoleri mawa. Popeza miyambo ndi kufunafuna njira zobwezera nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chochepa kuposa kuyesa zinthu zatsopano, zomwe amapezazo nthawi zambiri sizambiri. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti gulu lipange nyengo yomwe imalimbikitsa kuchoka ku malo, kuti awonjezere chiyembekezo chopita patsogolo kwa anthu kudzera mukuchulukitsa komwe kwalimbikitsidwa.
Izi zikutanthauza kwa anthu kuti nthawi zina amakhala okakamizidwa kuti apewe chipwirikiti, ndi mtengo wochepa kwa gulu lotseguka, lanzeru, lodzilimbitsa. Pamsonkhano wapachaka wa European Forum Alpbach, kulimba mtima komweku ndi komwe kudali kukambirana. Ngakhale yankho lingawoneke kukhala losakhutiritsa, chisinthiko chidapezeka kuyambira kalekale: kuchuluka ndiko chitsimikizo chabwino kwambiri kwa anthu opambana. Pepani, zolakwika!
INFO: Amakhutira ngati inshuwaransi yopulumuka
Posachedwa pomwe ofufuza ku Australia akhazikitsa lingaliro latsopano pa kutha kwa kholo lopambana kwambiri la anthu amakono. Homo erectus ndiye mtundu wa anthu womwe wakhalapo nthawi yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi ndikukhalamo bwino pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Amadziwikanso ndi zida zambiri zamwala zomwe zimadziwika ndi Paleolithic. Mtundu wa zida izi zikuwunikira momwe Homo eisengus ankakhalira, chakudya chake, ndi komwe oimira kulikonse amakhala. Osati zokhazo: Kuchokera ku kapangidwe kake ka zida zogwiritsira ntchito zitha kujambulidwa pamalingaliro azidziwitso a mitundu yoyambayo ya anthu. Asayansi ochokera ku Australia National University akuwona kuti Homo eisengus anali waulesi kwambiri ndipo amayesetsa kuti asatsutsidwe. Ndiye kuti, nthawi zonse amapanga zida momwemodzi, amagwiritsa ntchito miyala yokha pafupi, ndipo amakhutitsidwa ndi momwe ziliri. Mwachidule, adapeza njira yopambana yomwe aliyense adatsata, ndipo omwe amatsutsana ndi mafundewo sanasoweke. Kupanda nzeru kwatsopano pamapeto pake kunapangitsa Homo eisengus kusintha momwe moyo unasinthira. Mitundu ina ya anthu omwe ali ndi luso lotha kuzindikira bwino komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'njira zawo idali yopindulitsa, kupulumuka Homo eisengus yosasamala.
INFO: Ngati phala silikumva kukoma
Mawu apakati a Charles Darwin's zasokoneza imalongosola kusinthika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe ndichinthu chofunikira kuti chisinthike. Pakapangidwe kameneka, chamoyo chosinthika bwino ndi zomwe zimachitika pakapita nthawi yayitali. Komabe, lingaliroli limanyoza chinthu chosafunikira: Zomwe chilengedwe chitha kusintha. Popeza malo okhala siokhazikika koma osinthika mosasintha, zamoyo ziyenera kusinthasintha kuti zizitha kuthana nazo.
Komabe, sikuti zosintha izi zimatsata njira inayake, ndipo motero ndi zongoyerekeza, m'malo mwake zimangochitika mwadzidzidzi ndipo ndizosatheka kulosera. Zamoyo kotero zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse kuzolowera kusinthaku, osati mikhalidwe yomwe ilipo. Malo okhala osakhazikika, komwe maulosi amakhala osadalirika. Chifukwa chake, lingaliro lolondola lazachidziwitso cha chisinthiko limakulitsidwa ndikufunika kosungirako kosinthika komanso kusinthasintha kophatikiza pakusintha momwe zinthu zilili masiku ano. Kusinthika sikutanthauza chitsimikiziro chogwirizana ndi zochitika zatsopano, m'malo mwake, ndizofanana ndi kubetcha komwe simumayika chilichonse pa khadi limodzi.
Palingaliro la chisinthiko, izi zikutanthauza kupita patsogolo kuchoka ku chida chocheperako cha chamoyo chophatikizika kwathunthu, kufikira kusakanikirana kwa miyambo ndi mitundu. Kutengera ndi kusintha kwa malo okhala, kuchuluka kwa zinthu ziwiri izi zimasiyanasiyana: Zamoyo zomwe zimakhala m'malo okhazikika kwambiri, monga mabakiteriya a sulfure, ndizowopsa. Amasintha malinga ndi momwe akukhalira, koma amatha kumakhala nthawi yokhazikika. Tizilombo tina tomwe timakhala mosiyanasiyana kwambiri kuposa izi.
Photo / Video: Woyimba Gernot.
