Dothi lachilengedwe: Malo olima m'manja mwa alimi omwe ali ndi organic

lolemba ndi Robert B. Fishman

Alimi a ku Germany akusowa malo. Alimi amalimabe pafupifupi theka la dera lonse ku Germany. Koma malo olimidwa ayamba kuchepa komanso okwera mtengo. Pali zifukwa zingapo zochitira zimenezi: Popeza kuti kulibenso chiwongola dzanja chilichonse pamaakaunti akubanki ndi ma bondi ovoteredwa bwino, osunga ndalama ndi ongoyerekezera akugula malo olimapo ochulukirachulukira. Sizingachulukidwe ndipo zikucheperachepera. Tsiku lililonse ku Germany pafupifupi mahekitala 60 (1 ha = 10.000 masikweya mita) a malo amasowa pansi pa phula ndi konkire. M'zaka zapitazi za 15, pafupifupi makilomita 6.500 a misewu, nyumba, mafakitale ndi zinthu zina zamangidwa mdziko muno. Izi zikufanana ndi pafupifupi kasanu ndi katatu kudera la Berlin kapena pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a boma la Hesse.  

Farmland ngati ndalama

Kuonjezera apo, alimi ambiri m’madera ozungulira mizinda yodula akugulitsa malo awo ngati malo omangira. Ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza amagula minda kutali. 

Kufunika kwakukulu komanso mitengo yotsika mtengo yoyendetsera. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Germany, mtengo wa hekitala imodzi ya malo pafupifupi kuwirikiza katatu kuchokera mu 2009 mpaka 2018 kufika pafupifupi 15.000 mayuro, pafupifupi 25.000 mayuro lero, poyerekeza ndi 10.000 mu 2008. Magazini ya zachuma Brokertest imatchula mtengo wapakati 2019 mayuro pa hekitala ya 26.000 pambuyo pa 9.000 mu 2000.

"Nthaka yaulimi nthawi zambiri imakhala cholinga chazachuma chomwe chachitika posachedwa," ikutero. zopereka Komanso. Ngakhale makampani a inshuwaransi ndi eni ake ogulitsa mipando tsopano akugula minda yambiri. Maziko achinsinsi a wolowa m'malo wa ALDI Theo Albrecht junior wapeza mahekitala 27 a malo olimako komanso odyetserako ziweto ku Thuringia kwa ma euro 4.000 miliyoni. Wa Lipoti la Thünen la Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture BMEL linanena mu 2017 kuti kuti m'maboma khumi akum'mawa kwa Germany gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu amakampani azaulimi ndi amalonda akumayiko akumidzi - ndipo izi zikukwera. 

Ulimi wokhazikika umagwetsa dothi

Ulimi wochuluka wa mafakitale ukukulitsa vutoli. Pamene chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chikukula, kufunikira kwa chakudya kukukulirakulira. Alimi amayesetsa kukolola zambiri kuchokera kudera limodzi. Chotsatira: Nthaka imatuluka ndipo zokolola zimachepa pakapita nthawi. Chotero m’kupita kwa nthaŵi mufunikira nthaka yowonjezereka ya chakudya chofanana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, minda ikusandutsa madera kukhala chipululu cha chimanga ndi zina za monocultures. Zokolola zimasamukira ku zomera zomwe zimagayidwa ndi biogas kapena m'mimba mwa ng'ombe ndi nkhumba zambiri, zomwe zimathetsa njala yomwe ikukula padziko lonse lapansi. Dothi likukokoloka ndipo zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zikucheperachepera.

 Ulimi wamakampani akuluakulu, feteleza wochuluka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso chilala ndi kusefukira kwa madzi chifukwa cha vuto la nyengo komanso kufalikira kwa zipululu zawononga pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya malo olimapo padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka zaposachedwa. Njala yofuna nyama yomwe ikukula ikufunika malo ochulukirapo. Panthawiyi kutumikira 78% ya malo aulimi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta ziweto kapena kulima chakudya. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ng'ombe zisanu ndi imodzi zokha ndi nkhumba za 100 zimakula motsatira malamulo a ulimi wa organic.

Malo akukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono a organic

Ma renti amakwera ndi mtengo wamalowo. Alimi achichepere makamaka omwe akufuna kugula kapena kukulitsa bizinesi ali pachiwopsezo. Mulibe ndalama zokwanira kubwereketsa pamitengo imeneyi. Izi makamaka zimakhudza kwakanthawi kochepa, kopanda phindu komanso makamaka ang'onoang'ono minda organic, ulimi wokhazikika komanso wokonda nyengo amagwira ntchito kuposa anzawo "anthawi zonse". 

"mankhwala ophera tizilombo" ndi feteleza wamankhwala amaletsedwa paulimi wa organic. Tizilombo tochulukirachulukira ndi nyama zina zimapulumuka m'minda yazachilengedwe. Malo okhala tizilombo ndi zamoyo zina amasungidwa m'nthaka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo imakhala yochuluka kwambiri m'munda wa organic kusiyana ndi malo omwe amalimidwa mokhazikika. Madzi apansi panthaka saipitsidwa kwambiri ndipo nthaka imakhala ndi mipata yambiri yokonzanso. Kafukufuku wa Thünen Institute ndi mabungwe ena asanu ndi limodzi ofufuza adatsimikizira ulimi wa organic mchaka cha 2013 kukhala wosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kukhala ndi mpweya wochepera wa CO2 wokhudzana ndi dera komanso maubwino osunga zachilengedwe: "Pa avereji, kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zomwe zili muzomera zolimedwa zidakwera 95 peresenti yaulimi wachilengedwe komanso 35 peresenti kuposa mbalame zakutchire. " 

Organic ndi wokoma mtima ku nyengo

Pankhani ya chitetezo cha nyengo, nawonso, "organic" zotsatira zabwino: “Mayeso amphamvu akusonyeza kuti dothi la m’madera athu a nyengo yotentha limatulutsa mpweya woipa wocheperako poyang’aniridwa ndi chilengedwe. Dothi lachilengedwe lili ndi pafupifupi 2019 peresenti yapamwamba kwambiri ya kaboni wa nthaka, ” inatero Thünen Institute mu XNUMX.

Kufuna chakudya chamagulu ndi kwakukulu kuposa kupezeka

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, alimi a organic ku Germany sangathenso kugwirizana ndi kufunikira kwa kukula ndi kupanga kwawo. Zotsatira zake: zinthu zambiri zikutumizidwa kunja. Panopa pafupifupi XNUMX peresenti ya minda ku Germany amalimidwa motsatira malamulo ulimi organic. EU ndi boma la Germany likufuna kuchulukitsa magawo awiri. Koma alimi alimi amafunikira malo ambiri. 

Ndi chifukwa chake amagula Organic nthaka mgwirizano kuchokera ku madipoziti a mamembala ake (gawo limawononga 1.000 euros) malo olimapo ndi udzu komanso minda yonse ndikubwereketsa kwa alimi achilengedwe. Zimangosiya nthaka kwa alimi omwe amagwira ntchito motsatira malangizo a mabungwe olima monga Demeter, Naturland kapena Bioland. 

"Dziko limabwera kwa ife kudzera mwa alimi," atero mneneri wa BioBoden Jasper Holler. “Okhawo amene angagwiritse ntchito nthaka kwachikhalire angalimbikitse chonde m’nthaka ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Cholepheretsa ndiye likulu. "

Mneneri wa BioBoden a Jasper Holler akuyankha kuti: "Malowo abwera kwa ife," akutsutsa kuti mgwirizano wake, ngati wogula wowonjezera, ungakweze mitengo ya malo. 

"Sitikukweza mitengo chifukwa timadalira pamtengo wamtengo wapatali osati mitengo yamisika komanso sititenga nawo mbali pa malonda." 

BioBoden amangogula malo omwe alimi amafunikira pakali pano. Chitsanzo: Wobwereketsa akufuna kapena agulitse malo olimapo. Mlimi amene amalima munda sangakwanitse. Malo asanayambe kupita kwa osunga ndalama kuchokera kunja kwa mafakitale kapena ku famu "yachizoloŵezi", amagula malo achilengedwe ndikubwereketsa kwa mlimi kuti apitirize.

Ngati alimi awiri ali ndi chidwi ndi malo amodzi, tiyesetsa kupeza yankho limodzi ndi alimi awiriwa. ”Mneneri wa nthaka ya Organic Jasper Holler. 

"1/3 mwa alimi omwe akugwira ntchito masiku ano adzapuma pantchito zaka 8-12 zikubwerazi. Ambiri a iwo adzagulitsa minda yawo ndi minda yawo kuti azipeza ndalama zomwe amapeza akakalamba. ” Mneneri wa BioBoden a Jasper Holler

"Kufuna kwakukulu"

“Kufunikako n’kwakukulu,” akutero Holler. Cooperative imangogula malo pamtengo wamsika kutengera mtengo wanthawi zonse, satenga nawo gawo pazogulitsa malonda ndipo samatulukamo ngati, mwachitsanzo, B. Alimi angapo amapikisana pa malo amodzi. Komabe, BioBoden adatha kugula minda yambiri ngati atakhala ndi ndalama. Holler akuwonetsa kuti m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi "pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a alimi omwe akugwira ntchito pano adzapuma pantchito". Ambiri a iwo amayenera kugulitsa famuyo kuti apeze ndalama zopuma pantchito. Pofuna kuteteza malowa kaamba ka ulimi wa organic, nthaka ya organic ikufunikabe ndalama zambiri.

"Tiyenera kuganiziranso momwe timagwiritsira ntchito. Dera lamvula likudulidwa kuti lipange nyama kuno komanso kugulitsa nyama kuchokera kunja.

Pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, mgwirizanowu akuti wapeza mamembala a 5.600 omwe abweretsa 44 miliyoni mayuro. BioBoden adagula mahekitala 4.100 a malo ndi minda 71, mwachitsanzo: 

• ku Uckermark mgwirizano wathunthu waulimi wokhala ndi malo opitilira mahekitala 800. Izi tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Brodowin organic farm. Ngakhale mafamu ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku nazale za Solawi kupita kumalo opangira vinyo ali ndi malo otetezedwa ndi mgwirizano.
• Chifukwa cha thandizo la BioBoden, ng'ombe zochokera kwa mlimi wa organic zimadyera pachilumba choteteza mbalame ku Szczecin Lagoon.
• Ku Brandenburg, mlimi amalima bwino mtedza wa organic m'minda yachilengedwe. Mpaka pano, 95 peresenti ya izi zatumizidwa kunja.

BioBoden imaperekanso masemina ophunzitsira ndi maphunziro ku mayunivesite kuti athandizire omwe adzakhale alimi achilengedwe akamakhazikitsa mabizinesi awo.

"Timabwereketsa malowa kwa alimi a organic kwa zaka 30 ndi zosankha zokulitsa 10 iliyonse kwa zaka 30." 

Chiwerengero cha mamembala a BioBoden chikukulirakulirabe. Mu 2020 cooperative idalemba kukula kwakukulu m'mbiri yake yayifupi. Mamembalawa amaika ndalama zawo chifukwa cha malingaliro abwino. Sapeza kubwezeredwa pakadali pano, ngakhale izi "sizikuchotsedwa" m'tsogolomu.

“Takhazikitsanso maziko. Malo ndi minda akhoza kuperekedwa kwaulere kwa iwo. BioBoden Foundation yathu yalandira minda inayi ndi malo olimapo ambiri mzaka zinayi. Anthu amafuna kuti minda yawo isungidwe kaamba ka ulimi wa organic.”

Kampaniyo ikugwiranso ntchito pamalingaliro a momwe mamembala angapindulire mwachindunji ndi zinthu za m'mafamu. Nthawi zina amatha kugula pa intaneti ku BioBoden-Höfe.

Zambiri za BioBoden:

Aliyense amene amagula magawo atatu a mayuro 1000 aliyense ku BioBoden amapeza ndalama zokwana masikweya mita 2000. Mwachidule cha masamu, ndi malo amene muyenera kudyetsa munthu.