Nkhani zoipa

Tsiku Latsopano la Chatsopano ku Cologne: Pagulu la anthu omwe akuwonekerako ku Cologne, akuwopseza azimayi. Munkhani, abambo amalankhula za "Maonekedwe aku North", ndipo ndizosavuta kuganiza kuti akhoza kukhala akufunafuna chitetezo. Kwa masiku omaliza, malipoti abodza amangowoneka, atolankhani akukangana kwambiri, malingaliro akukhala othawa kwawo. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, apolisi a Cologne adasindikiza zowonadi izi: Malonda a 821 anali okhudzana ndi zolakwira pa Eve Chaka Chatsopano, owaganizira a 30 adadziwika, ochokera ku 25 adachokera ku Moroko kapena Algeria. Omwe akuwakayikira a 15 anali ofunafuna chitetezo.

Nkhani zoipa zokhazokha

Takulandilani ku misala ya media! "Nkhani zoipa zokhazokha ndizabwino" ndi mutu mu utolankhani. Imalongosola za mfundo zomwe nkhani zimangogulitsa bwino ngati zachokera pamikangano kapena zochitika zina. Kukhala ndi ofunafuna pobisalira: Popeza makumi masauzande othawa kwawo adafika ku Austria zaka zapitazo, malipoti osalimbikitsa sasiya. Omenyera nkhondo a IS adayambitsidwa mayendedwe othawa kwawo, zinanenedwa pambuyo pa kuukira kwa Paris. Upandu ukukula, ndiye gawo lalikulu pama media ambiri.
Ulf Küch, wamkulu wa Bund deutscher Kriminalbeamter ku Lower Saxony, akumaliza m'buku lake "Soko Asylum": "Chiwerengero cha achifwamba omwe alowa ku Germany ndi othawa kwawo siwokwera kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa achifwamba ku Germany Kuchuluka kwa Anthu. "Koma atolankhani ambiri sachita chidwi ndi zowonadi, amakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri zoipa. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito atolankhani ndikukweza tsitsi.

"Tinalandila zokupempha kuti tifotokoze za zakuba kum'mawa kwa Austria, chifukwa umbanda umaphulika. Tidayang'ana ziwonetserozo ndipo tazindikira kuti sizowona. "

"Tinalandila zokupempha kuti tifotokoze zakuphanga kum'mawa kwa Austria, chifukwa umbanda umaphulika kumeneko," akutero Heidi Lackner, yemwe amayang'anira pulogalamu ya ORF "Am Schauplatz". "Tidayang'ana ziwonetserozo ndipo tazindikira kuti sizowona." M'malo mwake, umbanda ku Vienna m'zaka zaposachedwa wagwa: theka loyamba la 2015 panali 22 peresenti yotsika ndikufika pa 81 peresenti (kutengera mtundu wamilandu) Upandu kuposa chaka chatha. Lackner adazindikira kuti: "Osati upanduwo wawonjezereka, koma kumverera koopseza. Chifukwa anthu amawerenga ma tabloids omasuka munjira yapansi panthaka, komanso komwe kuba, kuphana, ndi kupha anthu ndi mutu wokha. "

likukula

"Sitikudziwa momwe dziko lasinthira kukhala bwino"
Pulofesa wa ku yunivesite yaku Sweden a Hans Rosling adapanga zaka za 90er mayeso omwe amadziwika kuti ndi umbuli, omwe amayankha mafunso okhudzana ndi mfundo zapadziko lonse lapansi monga umphawi, chiyembekezo cha moyo kapena kugawa ndalama. Kuyesako kwachitika kale m'maiko ena ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana kwambiri: zinthu zomwe zili padziko lapansi zimawerengedwa kuti sizingachitike. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zapakati pa moyo padziko lonse lapansi ndi zaka za 70, koma oposa theka la omwe adafunsidwa adagwira zaka za 60. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa kuwerenga padziko lonse lapansi ndi 80 peresenti - koma gawo limodzi lokha lachitatu mwa iwo omwe amafunsidwa ndi omwe angalingalire izi. Asanu ndi awiri peresenti okha a ku America ndi 23 peresenti ya aku Sweden amadziwa kuti gawo la anthu padziko lapansi omwe akukhala mu umphawi wadzaoneni latsika kuyambira 1990 ndipo silinawonjezeke, monga pafupifupi theka lokhulupirira. M'malo mwake, umphawi ukugwera pafupifupi m'maiko onse, monganso kuchuluka kwa unyinji ndi kufa kwa ana. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi kuwerenga, zikuwonjezeka. "Anthu ambiri Akumadzulo, samazindikira momwe dziko lonse lapansi likusinthira mofulumira," akutero Rosling, "nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino." Kutaya mtima kofala ku West Rosling kumakhala ndi zoyang'ana pagalasi kuti "ulesi wamaganizidwe, omwe, chifukwa chilichonse chimapita ku gehena, amachichotsa."

Nkhani zoipa: Factor tabloid manyuzipepala

Mtolankhani wapaulendo Renate Haiden amagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse kwa Austria kwa kanthawi kochepa ndipo akuti: "Chofunika kwambiri chinali mitu, yomwe mkonzi wa wamkulu Wolfgang Fellner adadziyang'ana payekha. Adayenera kukhala osavuta komanso osavuta kuwerenga, zomwe zalembedwazo zidalibe kanthu. "Haiden adasiya ntchitoyi patapita nthawi yochepa, chifukwa adawona mgwirizano ngati" wosayamika ". "Mu chipinda chofikira anali makamaka achichepere, antchito osaphunzira. Anandilandira ngati wophunzirira ngakhale ndinali ndi zaka zambiri pantchito. "
Mwinanso chifukwa cha zochitika ngati izi kuti atolankhani sakhala ndi mbiri yabwino pagulu: Pofufuza za kudalirika kwa magulu ochita ntchito, atolankhani nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mipando yakumbuyo.

"Chofunikira kwambiri chinali mitu, zomwe zalembedwazo zilibe kanthu."
Renate Haiden, mkonzi wakale wa nyuzipepala ya tsiku ndi tsiku Österreich

Mauthenga akujambula chithunzi cholakwika

Kafukufuku wa 2015 Forsa wopangidwa ndi RTL ku Germany adapeza kuti pafupifupi theka la omwe anafunsidwa akuwona nkhani zatsiku ndi tsiku kukhala zosasangalatsa: 45 peresenti ya omwe adafunsa adanena kuti nkhani za TV ndizovuta ", kuchuluka kwa 35 kudadziwika, iwo adapanga TV Nkhani Zimawopa 80 Percent Wifun Solutions. Mauthenga olowerera komanso osalimbikitsa amatha kubweretsa chiyembekezo pakati pa owerenga ndi owonera, kumalingaliro akuti sangasinthe zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zakupsa padziko lapansi (onani kuyankhulana). Anthu aku America a 2.500 adafunsidwa kuti aphunzirepo ndi wailesi yaku America NPR mogwirizana ndi Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ndi Harvard School of Public Health. Kotala onse omwe adafunsa adati adapanikizika mwezi watha, akuti nkhani ndiyomwe idayambitsa.

Koma chowonadi ndi chosiyana, monga chikuwonetsedwa ndi atolankhani ambiri: Waku Canada wazamalamulo, wa ku China wa Harvard, adawona kuti zachiwawa zikupitirirabe m'mbiri yonse. "Zachiwawa zamtundu uliwonse: nkhondo, kuphana, kuzunza, kugwiririra, ziwawa zapakhomo," atero a Pinker, omwe akunenanso kuti nkhani zikuwonetsa chithunzi cholakwika. "Mukatsegulira nkhani pa TV, mumangomva za zomwe zachitika. Simudzamva mtolankhani akunena kuti, 'Ndikunena za mzinda waukulu kumene kulibe nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Malingana ngati chiwawa sichinatsike mpaka zero, padzakhala nkhanza zokwanira kudzaza nkhani zamadzulo. "
Pulofesa waku Sweden waku University, Hans Rosling akuwonetseranso ndi mayeso ake osazindikira momwe mitu yoyipa imasokonezera malingaliro adzikoli (onani infobox).

"Zomwe zimafunikira ndi mawanga owala, njira zina ndi atsogoleri atsopano."

Yothetsera mavuto komanso yothandiza vs. Nkhani zoipa

Kumayambiriro kwa ma 1970s, Robert Jungk wasayansi yamtsogolo anali ndi lingaliro lakuti atolankhani amayenera kupereka lipoti nthawi zonse pandalama. Ayenera kuwulula madandaulo, komanso athe kuyankha. Awanso ndi maziko a utolankhani wokhazikika pamawu kapena wopindulitsa, omwe Ulrik Haagerup, mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti yofalitsa ku Denmark, anathandizira kupanga. Haagerup akuyang'ana mwachindunji njira zopindulitsa m'mapulogalamu ake a nkhani omwe amapatsa anthu chiyembekezo. Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsa zonse zomwe zikuchitika osati kungolemba mbiri yoyipa yamasiku amenewo. "Utolankhani wabwino ukutanthauza kuwona dziko lapansi ndi maso onse awiri," adatero Haagerup. Lingaliro limagwira, ma ratings adakwera.
"Ngati atolankhani amalingalira kwambiri za mavuto apadziko lapansi ndi kufunafuna koyipa, malingaliro athu adziko lapansi amangokhala ndi mavuto, zachiwopsezo ndi zithunzi za adani," akutero a Doris Rasshofer, wamkulu wakale wa magazini yokhazikika yankho "Bicteller" , "Zomwe zimafunikira ndi mawanga owala, njira zina ndi atsogoleri atsopano omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto," akumaliza mtolankhaniyu. "Ndipo pamafunika kuwulutsa nkhani pazankhaniyi."

Mafunso ndi Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jörg Matthes ndi director of Institute for Journalism and Communication Science ku Yunivesite ya Vienna

Kodi mitu yoyipa imakhudza bwanji anthu?
Jörg Matthes: Anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amangogwiritsa ntchito nkhani zosasangalatsa amayambira kunena zaupandu kapena uchiwopsezo kukhala wowopsa komanso wamkulu kwambiri kuposa ena. Zowopsa zake zimapezekanso.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji ma TV ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri nkhani zoipa?
Nkhani: Mauthenga okhudzana ndi mavuto ndiofalitsa uthenga ndipo amangowerenga nkhani zabwino. Mu nthawi ya chisinthiko, tinapangidwa, titero, kuti tizitha kuzindikira komanso kusiyitsa zambiri zazoyipa kuposa zabwino, chifukwa zimatsimikizira kupulumuka kwathu.

Kafukufuku akuti anthu ambiri amafuna nkhani zochepa zoyipa.
Zovuta: Komabe, ngati mungawapatse zambiri zonga zabwino, anthu awa angayang'ane kwambiri pazabwino. Izi zikufotokozeranso za kupezeka ndi kufunikira - sizodabwitsa kuti Kronen Zeitung ndiye nyuzipepala yowerengedwa kwambiri ku Austria. Chifukwa chake simungathe kuimba mlandu atolankhani nokha chifukwa cha nkhani zoyipa.

Kodi mukuganiza bwanji za utolankhani wokhazikika pamfundo?
Matti: Zachidziwikire kuti timafunafuna njira yolimbikitsira nkhani osangosiya ogula atolankhani ali okha ndi zovuta za nthawi yathu ino. Komabe, utolankhani wogwirizana ndi mayankho umatha nthawi ndipo umafunika pazinthu. Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso andale ayenera kudziwa kuti izi si zaulere. Utolankhani wabwino uli ndi mtengo wake.

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