Stefan Tesch
Kutchova njuga, mphamvu za nyukiliya, zida zankhondo, fodya ndi ma genetic ndikungotulutsa mndandanda wazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito zomwe Wiener Privatbank Schelhammer ndi Schattera yakakamiza kubwezeretsa ndalama mosasamala. Makampani omwe akugwira ntchito m'malo awa sangapeze malo mu ndalama za banki iyi. Chimodzimodzinso, zigawo zikugwera pa gululi, pomwe kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu, kugwirira ntchito kwa ana ndi chiwopsezo cha kuphedwa ndi lamulo la tsikuli kapena kulandira ufulu wa atolankhani.
Banki yokhudzana ndi tchalitchi ndi m'modzi mwa omwe akuchita upainiya pantchito zachuma chokhazikika. "Pomwe tidayamba kukhazikitsa malamulo oyendetsera ndalama zaka 15 zapitazo, tidasekedwa," akukumbukira a Georgia Lemmerer, Head of Sustainability. Komabe, chaka chamavuto cha 2008 chidatsogolera kuganiziranso pakati pa osunga ndalama ndipo ambiri adazindikira kuti machitidwe ndi kukhazikika sizomwe zimangotsatsa malonda. "Kuika ndalama m'makampani kumapewa ngozi," akutero a Lemmerer. Mwachitsanzo, bankirapuse yaku Greece idapulumuka, chifukwa maubwenzi aboma aku Hellenic satha chifukwa cha bajeti yayikulu kwambiri yazida. Mapepala ochokera ku kampani yamafuta BP nawonso ndizoletsa. "Ngati makampani akuphwanya malamulo azachilengedwe nthawi zonse, zimangotsala pang'ono kuti zisokoneze chuma," akufotokoza a Lemmerer. Ngakhale mitengo yamitengo ya Schelhammer idagwa panthawi yamavuto, idachira mwachangu kuposa pafupifupi.
MALANGIZO okonzera ndalama zokhazikika:
Kukhazikika vs. lochuluka
Kaya ndalama zokhazikika zimabweretsa mokulira kapena zotsikirapo kuposa "zabwinobwino" sizingayankhidwe mwachangu. Koma zikuwonekeratu kuti "kuwerengetsa ndalama mosasamala sikuyenera kukhala pakubweza ndalama," atero a Lemmerer. Kuyang'ana pa thumba la "3" la ethics, lomwe lili ndi 80 peresenti ya ma bond ndi 20 peresenti pazofanana, zikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwawo mchaka cha 1991, mtengo wake ukukwera pafupifupi ndi avareji yapakati pa 4,3 peresenti. Ponseponse, Schelhammer ndi Schattera amapereka ndalama zisanu ndi chimodzi zamalingaliro osiyanasiyana kumbuyo kwake.
Zogulitsa zachuma zokhazikika zikuchulukanso ku Austria komanso kumayiko akunja. Komabe, kutanthauzira kwa lingaliro lakukhazikika pakati pa mabungwe kumasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zambiri zokhala ndi mutu umodzi wokha mu portfolio zimawoneka zokhazikika. Chitsogozo chimaperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Austrian Ecolabel for Sustainable Financial Products. Ndalama zomwe zimanyamula ndizolepheretsa mphamvu zamtundu wa nyukiliya, zida zankhondo, zomangamanga ma genetic ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu. Mndandanda ukhoza kupezeka pansi www.umweltzeichen.at.
Microcredit ngati chitukuko
Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito, mabanki achikhalidwe sakufunika kwenikweni. Chimodzi mwazosiyanasiyana ndi mutu wazachuma, kupatsidwa ngongole zazing'ono kwa anthu ovutika omwe akutukuka kumene ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Amaperekedwa ndi mabungwe omwe amagulitsa ndalama zazing'ono kwanuko (MFIs) kwa anthu omwe siabanki, anthu omwe sangalandire ngongole kubanki wamba. Zifukwa za izi mwina ndi kuchuluka kotsika kwambiri kumabanki kapena kusaphunzira kwa makasitomala
"Ngongole zing'onozing'ono zimathandiza anthu kukhala ndi ndalama kuti aziyimilira ndi miyendo iwiri ndipo osawakakamiza kuti akhale achimangawa kapena kuti achite umbanda," akufotokoza a Helmut Berg, wamkulu wa Austria nthambi ya Oikocredit, Yakhazikitsidwa ku Netherlands, 1975 Investment Cooperative lero imagwira ntchito m'maiko a 71. Sizinabwerekere ku microcredit, koma imapereka ndalama ku dziwe la MFIs lomwe likugwira ntchito (600 m'maiko a 70 padziko lonse lapansi). Pochita izi, Oikocredit amagwira ntchito ndi okhawo omwe ali ndi MFI omwe amapatsa omwe amabwereketsa ndalama zowapangira zomwe angakwanitse kuchita. "Amakumana ndi makasitomala awo pamilandu yofanana ndipo amawagwira ngati mabizinesi," akutero Berg. Chiwerengero chobwereketsa ngongole ku Asia ndi South America ndi pakati pa 100 ndi 500 Euro pazaka pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi chaka chimodzi. Ngongole ngati imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira, kuti pofotokoza za polojekiti ingagule makina atsopano osokera ndipo motero imapeza ndalama yayitali.
Kugulitsa Zokhazikika: Chitani Nawo Microfinance
Monga munthu wamseri mungathe Oikocredit Kugulitsa ndalama mosadalira kuchokera ku 200 Euro mwanjira yamatifiketi a Cooperative Share popanda nthawi yomangiriza. Kutengera phindu la bizinesi, mpaka magawo awiri a magawidwewa amagawidwa pachaka, zomwe zadziwika m'zaka zaposachedwa. Palibe malipiro ogulira ndi ogulitsa ndipo palibe chindapusa. Komabe, kampaniyo ikupempha ndalama za membala mwakufuna kwawo kuchokera ku 20 Euro kuti athe kubweza ndalama zowonongera. Mdziko muno, anthu ozungulira 5.200 pakadali pano akuwononga ndalama mosakhazikika ndi avareji a 18.000 Euro iliyonse. Mwambiri, izi zimapanga capital capital imodzi ya 93 mamiliyoni, imodzi imawerengera nthambi zonse za Oikocredit Pamodzi, mumayandikira biliyoni. Pafupifupi theka la kuchuluka kwa ndalama za Oikocredit akupita ku Latin America, kotala kupita ku Asia, ndipo gawo lina ku Africa ndi Central ndi Eastern Europe. Mayiko okhala ndi ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri: India (mozungulira 95 miliyoni), Cambodia (65 miliyoni) ndi Bolivia (60 miliyoni).
Nanga bwanji za ngoziyo? "Chiwerengero chokhazikika cha ngongole ndi pafupifupi peresenti imodzi. Ubwino wathu ndikusinthanitsa kwakukulu kwa ndalama zogulitsa, "atero Berg. Komabe, monga momwe ziliri ndi zinthu zina zachuma, ndalama zomwe zimapanga ndalama sizikhala ndi inshuwaransi iliyonse ndipo, mwachidziwitso, kusowa konse kungatheke. Komabe, palibe wogulitsa ndalama yemwe sanataye ndalama ku Oikocredit.
Kupereka ndalama mosamala: magawo omwe amapanga magetsi
Zomera zamagetsi, zomwe ndizambiri mphamvu zamagetsi, zatchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Otsatsa amagula mapanelo amodzi a magetsi oyimira dzuwa ndikuwabwereka kwa ogwiritsira ntchito. Izi zimatulutsa zamagetsi ndipo zimalipira magawo azaka pachaka kwa eni ake. Sale-And-Lease-Back ndilo dzina la masewerawo ndipo linapita patsogolo kwambiri ndi Wien Energie yokhala ndi zida zamagetsi za 24, kuphatikiza ma 22 solar ndi ma turbine awiri amphepo, mdera la Greater Vienna. Pakadali pano, ena mwa ndalama za 6.000 omwe ali ndi 27 miliyoni euro. "Msika womwe ungagulitse ndalama za PV udakali wambiri, koma chiwongola dzanja chidalira kwambiri mabungwe omwe boma limapereka kwa magetsi obiriwira," akutero a Günter Grabner, Director a Kärntner Chomera chathu champhamvu Naturstrom GmbH, Wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi a solar a 20 ku Austria. Pakadali pano, ndalama zapansi pamsika (XXUMX) mu 8,24 masenti pa ola limodzi, 2012 19 Cent inali yochulukirapo kuposa kawiri. Kubwezeretsanso ndalama zotere kumatha kuchepa kwa nthawi yayitali. Monga lamulo, ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amapatsa chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika ndi mawu osatha.
"Mafakitale athu" amatsimikizira kuti magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu akhazikika ndipo zitseko za osunga ndalama zatseguka, chifukwa Günter Grabner akumanga malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi anthu 12.000 padenga la paki yamalonda ku Wernersdorf, Styria. Ndi anthu achinsinsi okha omwe angagule pakati pa mapanelo amodzi mpaka 48 pamtengo wamtengo wa 500 euros omwe amaloledwa ngati osunga ndalama - mpaka ma euro 24.000. Grabner anati: “Pa avereji, imodzi imakhala ndi mapanelo 20. Palibe nthawi yomangiriza, komabe, ngati mapanelo agulitsidwa mkati mwa zaka zisanu zoyambirira, ndalama za 50 euro zimachitika.
Kutenga nawo gawo ku Windkraft Simonsfeld AG, wogwiritsa ntchito mafamu khumi amphepo ku Austria ndi amodzi ku Bulgaria, amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Otsatsa akhoza kutenga nawo gawo pazogawana zomwe sizinalembedwe, zomwe zimagulitsidwa mwachindunji pakati pa olowa.
Chidziwitso: Kutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zamphamvu za nzika sizikhala ndi msonkho wopindulitsa ndipo msonkho uyenera kuperekedwa msonkho mosiyana ndi ziwonetsero za 730 Euro pachaka.
Kupereka ndalama mosadukiza: njira zina zosungitsira unyinji
2013 Wolfgang Deutschmann adadziwa kale kuti Crowdinvesting ikusintha msika wamalonda wapamwamba ndipo idayambitsa nsanja ya anthu ambiri pokambirana ndi mnzake a Peter Gaber Green Rocket, Imangoyang'ana pa malingaliro abizinesi okhazikika. Chitsanzo chaposachedwa kwambiri ndi mandimu a bio zipatso, omwe atulutsira 150.000 Euro posachedwapa m'khamu. "Mosiyana ndi nsanja zina, timasankha malinga ndi malamulo okhwima," akutero Deutschmann. Zolinga zamabizinesi siziyenera kukhala zokhazikika, ziyenera kuiwalika. "Kungobwera kwa ife ndi lingaliro kuli koyambirira kwambiri," atero woyamba. Zotsatira zamalamulo ovuta awa: Kuchokera pama projekiti a 30, awiri okha ndi omwe sanalandilidwe bwino ndi khamulo.
Kubwerera kwa ogulitsa amapangidwa ndi magawo awiri: Choyamba, gawo la phindu lanyumba. Chachiwiri, kuchokera ku bizinesi yowonjezera phindu. Komabe, izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka khumi. Iwo omwe ataya izi atha kuchita izi, koma ataya izi, nthawi zambiri gawo lalikulu kwambiri labweranso. Pankhani yogulitsa kampani (Kutuluka), wina amatenga nawo mbali pamtengo wamalonda. Makampani ena amapatsabe ndalama kwa omwe amapanga chiwongola dzanja chokwanira pakati pa mmodzi mpaka atatu peresenti ngati maswiti.
Kukhazikitsa ndalama mu kampani kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ndalama zonse zomwe zidawonongeka zikutha. "Chifukwa chake, kufalikira kufalikira pafupifupi khumi ndikwabwino. Zikadzabweranso khumi kudza 15 peresenti ndizotheka, "akutero Deutschmann. Pa avareji, ogulitsa ndalama amatenga nawo polojekiti ziwiri kapena zitatu ndi 1.000 Euro iliyonse
Kukhazikika Kukhazikika - Kukula kwa Msika
Ku Austria, Germany ndi Switzerland, kuchuluka kwachuma chokhazikika kwachulukanso kasanu kuchokera ku 52 mpaka 257 biliyoni pazaka zisanu zapitazi. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi Lipoti la Msika wa Forum Nachhaltige Geldanlagen (FNG). Ku Austria, ndalama zokhazikika za 2015 zidakula ndi 14 peresenti pachaka chatha mpaka mauro biliyoni khumi. Pafupifupi kotala imodzi imakhudzidwa ndi anthu wamba, ena onse kwa omwe amapanga ndalama, monga ndalama za penshoni.
"Ndizizindikiro zabwino kuti ndalama zokhazikika ku Germany zachita bwino kwambiri pamsika wonse," akutero Wolfgang Pinner, wamkulu wa FNG Austria. "Izi zikuwonetseratu kuti izi sizongopeka."
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
