Alexandra Binder
"Zachidziwikire kuti tikulamulidwa ndi olimbikitsa alendo."
Franziska Humbert, Oxfam
Kaya ndi kugwiririra ana ntchito m'minda ya koko, kuwotcha mafakitale kapena mitsinje yapoizoni: nthawi zambiri, makampani samayang'anira momwe mabizinesi awo apadziko lonse lapansi amakhudzira chilengedwe ndi anthu. Lamulo lazogulitsa likhoza kusintha izi. Koma mavuto akuchuma akuwomba mwamphamvu.
Tiyenera kukambirana. Ndipo pa kapamwamba kakang'ono ka mkaka wa mkaka pafupifupi masenti 89, omwe mwangolowa nawo. Padziko lonse lapansi, ndichinthu chovuta kwambiri. Kuseri kwa chokoleti chaching'ono ndi mlimi yemwe amangopeza masenti 6 pa 89. Ndipo nkhani ya ana mamiliyoni awiri ku West Africa omwe amagwira ntchito m'minda ya cocoa mothandizidwa. Amanyamula matumba olemera a koko, amagwira ntchito ndi zikwanje ndikupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo popanda zovala zoteteza.
Inde, izi siziloledwa. Koma njira yochokera ku nyemba za koko kupita kushelufu ya supamaketi ndiyosasanthulika. Mpaka ikathera ku Ferrero, Nestlé, Mars & Co, imadutsa m'manja mwa alimi ang'onoang'ono, malo osonkhanitsira, ma subcontractor amakampani akuluakulu ndi ma processor ku Germany ndi Netherlands. Pamapeto pake imati: Chowonjezeracho sichitsata. Chingwe cha zida zamagetsi monga mafoni ndi ma laputopu, zovala ndi zakudya zina ndizofanana. Kumbuyo kwa izi kuli migodi ya platinamu, msika wamafuta, minda yamagwalangwa yamafuta. Ndipo onse amakopa chidwi ndikuzunza anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kulanda malo, zomwe sizilangidwa.
Kodi Chopangidwa mu chitsimikizo?
Limenelo ndi lingaliro labwino. Kupatula apo, makampani apanyumba amatitsimikizira motsimikiza kuti omwe amawapatsa akutsatira ufulu wachibadwidwe, zachilengedwe ndi miyezo yoteteza nyengo. Koma ndi izi kachiwiri: vuto la unyolo. Makampani omwe makampani aku Austria amagula kuchokera kwa iwo nthawi zambiri amakhala ogula ndi obweretsa. Ndipo ali pamwamba pamwamba pazogulitsa.
Komabe, kuzunzidwa kumayambira kumbuyo kwambiri. Kodi ife monga ogula tili ndi chikoka chilichonse? "Zocheperako," atero a MP a Petra Bayr, omwe, limodzi ndi a Julia Herr, adabweretsa fomu yofunsira lamuloli ku nyumba yamalamulo mdziko la Marichi. "M'madera ena ndizotheka kugula zinthu zabwino, monga chokoleti chomwe chatchulidwa," akuwonjezera, "koma palibe laputopu yabwino pamsika."
Chitsanzo china? Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. "Mwachitsanzo, ku EU, mankhwala ophera tizilombo adaletsedwa kuyambira 2007, koma akugwiritsidwabe ntchito m'minda yamafuta padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo mafuta akanjedza amapezeka mu 50 peresenti ya chakudya m'masitolo athu akuluakulu. "
Ngati wina aphwanya ufulu wake kumadera akutali a dziko lapansi, palibe malo ogulitsira, ogulitsa kapena makampani ena omwe ali ndi udindo pakadali pano. Kudzilamulira modzifunira kumangogwira ntchito zochepa, monga Commissioner wa EU Didier Reynders adatinso mu February 2020. Makampani atatu okha ku EU pano akuwunikanso mosamalitsa zaufulu wawo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi unyolo wokhudzana ndi chilengedwe. Ndipo kuyesayesa kwawo kumatheranso ndi omwe amapereka mwachindunji, monga kafukufuku m'malo mwa Reynder adawonetsa.
Lamulo la kugulitsa katundu ndilosapeweka
Mu Marichi 2021, EU idagwiranso ntchito pamutu wa Supply Chain Act. Mamembala a Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe adatsatira "lingaliro lawo lamalamulo pokhudzana ndi kuyankha ndi kukakamira kwamakampani" ndi 73% yambiri. Kuchokera kumbali ya Austria, aphungu a ÖVP (kupatula Othmar Karas) adachoka. Adavota motsutsana. Gawo lotsatirali, lingaliro la Commission lalamulo lazogulitsa EU, lomwe silinasinthe chilichonse.
Zonsezi zafulumizitsidwa ndikuti njira zina zamalamulo ogulitsa zidakhazikitsidwa ku Europe. Pempho lawo ndikupempha makampani akunja kwa Europe kuti alipire zowononga zachilengedwe komanso kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu. Koposa zonse m'maiko momwe kuzunzidwa sikuletsedwa kapena kuphedwa. Chifukwa chake lamulo la EU liyenera kubwera nthawi yotentha ndikupangitsa mavuto azachuma kwa omwe akuphwanya malamulo: mwachitsanzo, kupatula ndalama kwakanthawi.
Kukakamiza motsutsana ndi lamulo lazogulitsa
Koma kenako EU Commission idasinthiratu zomwe adalembazo sanadziwe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Funso limodzi ndilodziwikiratu: Kodi mutu waku chuma udali wamphamvu kwambiri? Katswiri waku Germanywatch wokhudzana ndiudindo pakampani Cornelia Heydenreich akuwonera nkhawa "kuti kuwonjezera pa Commissioner wa EU ku Reynders, Commissioner wa EU pamsika wamkati, a Thierry Breton, ndiomwe akhala akuyang'anira lamuloli."
Si chinsinsi kuti Breton, wochita bizinesi waku France, ali kumbali yachuma. Heydenreich akutikumbutsa zomwe zachitika ku Germany: "Mfundo yoti Federal Minister of Economics idathandizanso ku Germany kuyambira nthawi yachilimwe 2020 idavutitsa kwambiri njira yopezera mgwirizano - ndipo malinga ndi malingaliro athu zidabweretsanso zofuna zokakamiza zamabizinesi "Komabe, akuwona zomwe zikuchitika ku EU osati ngati" kubwerera kumbuyo ":" Tikudziwa kuti malingaliro amilandu pamilingo ya EU achedwetsedwa pamachitidwe ena ambiri. "Heydenreich ananenanso kuti EU Commission ikufuna kudikirira kuti tiwone momwe lamulo laku Germany liziwonekera: sananenebe kuti. "
Lamulo logulitsa katundu ku Germany likuyembekezeredwa
M'malo mwake, ndalama zakampani yaku Germany zimayenera kuperekedwa pa Meyi 20, 2021, koma zidachotsedwa mwachidule pazokambirana za Bundestag posakhalitsa. (Tsopano yavomerezedwa. Idzayamba pa 1 Januware 2023. Nayi Federal Law Gazette.) Zinali zitagwirizana kale. Kuchokera ku 2023, malamulo ena ogulitsira ayenera kuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani omwe ali ndi antchito opitilira 3.000 ku Germany (ndiwo 600). Gawo lachiwiri kuchokera ku 2024, ayeneranso kulembetsa kumakampani omwe ali ndi antchito opitilira 1.000. Izi zingakhudze pafupifupi makampani 2.900.
Koma kapangidwe kamakhala ndi zofooka. Franziska Humbert, Oxfam Amadziwa mlangizi wokhudzana ndi ufulu wa anthu ogwira ntchito komanso udindo wothandizirana nawo: Chingwe chonse chopezeka chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa pokhapokha pamizindikiro yazinthu. Koma tsopano, mwachitsanzo, omwe amapereka mwachindunji m'masitolo akuluakulu ali ku Germany, komwe malamulo okhwima pantchito azigwirabe ntchito. "Chifukwa chake, lamuloli likuwopseza kuti lisakwaniritse cholinga chake." Sichikutsatiranso mfundo za UN zomwe zikugwira ntchito pagulu lonselo. "Ndipo ikutsalira zoyesayesa zomwe zilipo kale m'makampani ambiri," atero a Humbert. “Kuphatikiza apo, palibe lamulo la boma lomwe limangonena kuti alipidwa. Ogwira ntchito yolemetsa nthochi, chinanazi kapena minda yamphesa ya chakudya chathu alibe mwayi wopereka milandu ku makhothi aku Germany, mwachitsanzo kuwonongeka kwa thanzi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa ophera tizilombo. ”Zabwino? Kukhala kuti kutsatira malamulowo kumayang'aniridwa ndi wamkulu. Nthawi iliyonse, atha kulipiritsa chindapusa kapena kupatula makampani m'mabizinesi aboma mpaka zaka zitatu.
Ndipo Austria?
Ku Austria, misonkhano iwiri ikulimbikitsa kutsatira ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso miyezo yazachilengedwe m'maketoni apadziko lonse lapansi. Mabungwe opitilira khumi omwe siaboma, AK ndi ÖGB onse akufuna pempholi "Ufulu Wachibadwidwe umafunikira malamulo" pantchito yawo. Komabe, boma lobiriwirako silikufuna kutsatira zomwe Germany ikuchita, koma likuyembekezera kuwona zomwe zichitike kuchokera ku Brussels.
Lamulo loyenera pamagulitsidwe
Heydenreich akuti pazochitika zabwino, makampani amalimbikitsidwa kuti azindikire zoopsa zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zakufunika kwaumunthu pamtengo wawo wonse, ndipo ngati zingatheke kuti athetsedwe kapena kuwakonzanso. "Zili makamaka popewa, kuti zoopsa zisachitike poyambilira - ndipo nthawi zambiri sizipezeka ndi omwe amapereka mwachindunji, koma mozama muzogulitsa." Zophwanya zitha kufunanso ufulu wawo. "Ndipo payenera kukhala kuchepetsedwa kwa zolemetsa zaumboni, makamaka ngakhale kutembenuza kulemetsa kwa umboni."
Kwa MP waku Austria Bayr, ndikofunikira kuti asaletse malamulo oyenera kumagulu amakampani: "Ngakhale makampani ang'onoang'ono aku Europe omwe ali ndi antchito ochepa atha kuyambitsa kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe padziko lonse lapansi," akutero. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi makampani omwe amatumiza kunja: "Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito amakhala ochepa kwambiri, koma ufulu wa anthu kapena chilengedwe cha katundu amene amalowa kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
Kwa Heidenreich zikuwonekeranso kuti: "Zolemba zaku Germany zitha kungolimbikitsa kwambiri ntchito za EU ndipo sizingakhazikitse dongosolo la EU lamulo 1: 1. Lamulo la EU liyenera kupitilira izi m'malo ofunikira. "Atero, izi zitha kuchitika ku Germany, komanso ku France, komwe lamulo loyambirira lokhazikika ku Europe lakhalapo kuyambira 2017:" Pamodzi ndi 27 EU mayiko mamembala, tikhoza France ndi Germany nawonso atha kukhala okonda kwambiri chifukwa pamenepo padzakhala sewero lotchedwa mu Europe. ”Nanga bwanji za olandirira alendo? "Zachidziwikire kuti tikulamulidwa ndi olimbikitsa alendo. Nthawi zina zambiri, nthawi zina zochepa, ”akutero mlangizi wa Oxfam a Franziska Humbert mwakuya.
Zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi
Ku EU Lamulo lazogulitsa likukambidwa pano ku Europe. Mu yophukira 2021, EU Commission ikufuna kupereka malingaliro ofanana ndi malangizo aku Europe. Malingaliro apano a Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe ndiwofunitsitsa kwambiri kuposa lamulo lokakamiza ku Germany: Mwa zina, malamulo abungwe lazaboma komanso kusanthula kwakutetezedwa kumaperekedwa pamtengo wonsewo. EU yapereka kale malangizo omangirira malonda a nkhuni ndi mchere kuchokera kumadera omwe kuli mikangano, omwe amalamula kuti makampani azichita khama.
Netherlands Anakhazikitsa lamulo lotsutsa kusamutsidwa kwa ana mu Meyi 2019, lomwe limakakamiza makampani kuti azitsatira moyenera pantchito yolera ana ndikupatsanso mwayi madandaulo ndi zilango.
France adakhazikitsa lamulo loti makampani aku France azichita khama mu February 2017. Lamuloli limafuna kuti makampani azichita khama komanso kuti athe kuzengedwa mlandu malinga ndi malamulo aboma akaphwanya malamulo.
Ku Great Britain lamulo lotsutsana ndi ukapolo wamakono limafuna kuchitira lipoti komanso njira zoletsa kugwira ntchito mokakamizidwa.
Ku Australia pakhala pali lamulo loletsa ukapolo wamakono kuyambira 2018.
USA akhala akukakamiza makampani omwe akuchita malonda azinthu zochokera kumakangano kuyambira 2010.
Zomwe zikuchitika ku Austria: NGO Südwind ikufuna malamulo m'magulu osiyanasiyana, mdziko lonse komanso akunja. Mutha kusaina apa: www.swedwind.at/kupempha
Aphungu a SPÖ a Petra Bayr ndi a Julia Herr adatumiza fomu yofunsira lamulo loti azigulitsa zinthu ku National Council koyambirira kwa Marichi, zomwe zikuyenera kuyang'ananso pankhani yamalamulo.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
