"Kuona mtima kwanzeru m'malo mwakumverera kokongola"

Wofufuza nzeru zapamwamba komanso wofufuza za kuzindikira Thomas Metzinger akufuna chikhalidwe chatsopano cha kuzindikira.

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Pamene munthu amadzikonda kwambiri, m’pamenenso amataya umunthu wake weniweni. Munthu akamachita zinthu mopanda dyera, m’pamenenso amakhala iye mwini. michael ende

Mpheta zimayiimba mluzu kuchokera padenga: Lingaliro latsopano layandikira, kusintha kwa ontology. Kufunika kwa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe kwafika kale m'magulu aboma. Komabe, mlalang'amba wonse wamavuto umakhala pakati pa chikhumbo ndi zenizeni: mwachitsanzo, European Union yonse ndi zokonda za aliyense wa mamembala ake. Kapena chidwi chopulumuka chamakampani aliwonse opangidwa ndi capitalistically padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo chomaliza, koma chofunikira kwambiri: ufulu wowoneka bwino wokhutitsidwa ndi onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali m'magulu ogula padziko lapansi. Onse ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: kudzichepetsa kwambiri kungakhale ngati kulephera kwa gulu.

Ivan Illich anafotokoza mwachidule vutolo motere: “Pamene khalidwe lotsogolera ku misala limalingaliridwa kukhala lachilendo m’chitaganya, anthu amaphunzira kumenyera ufulu wakuchita nawo.”

Kotero ndi kukhudza zenizeni zenizeni, mukhoza kuponya thaulo, chifukwa kuwombera kulikonse sikungakhale koyenera ufa wake m'phiri la mavuto. Ndipo poyerekezera ndi kuganiza kuti munthu wina m'magulu okhazikika adatenga cholinga cha kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe moyenerera, zongopeka za mphamvu zonse za munthu wa msinkhu wa msinkhu zimaoneka ngati zenizeni.

Njira yatsopano imapereka chiyembekezo

Kukanakhala kuti palibe njira yosiyana, yachiyembekezo. Wafilosofi wa ku America David R. Loy akufotokoza motere m’buku lake lakuti “ÖkoDharma”: “...vuto la chilengedwe [liri] loposa mavuto aukadaulo, azachuma kapena andale... Lilinso vuto lauzimu lophatikizana komanso lotheka. kusintha kwa mbiri yathu.” Harald Welzer akulankhula za “zomangamanga zamaganizo” zofunika ndi za “kupitirizabe kumanga pa ntchito yotukuka” kotero kuti tsiku lina “awo amene amataya zinyalala” sadzakhalanso ndi “khalidwe lapamwamba la chikhalidwe cha anthu - ndi vidiyo. ” kuposa amene akuchichotsa “.

Ndipo chifukwa ntchito yomangayi ikuwoneka yovuta kwambiri, pafupifupi zosatheka, wofufuza zatsopano Dr. Felix Hoch ndi voliyumu yaying'ono yoperekedwa pamutuwu: "Zosintha zakusintha - kuzindikira ndikugonjetsa kukana kwamkati munjira zakusintha". Thomas Metzinger, yemwe adaphunzitsa filosofi ndi sayansi yamaganizo ku yunivesite ya Mainz, nayenso watenga njira yatsopano ndi buku lake laposachedwapa "Consciousness Culture - Spirituality, Intellectual Honesty ndi Planetary Crisis". Moyenera, sanachite izi pamaphunziro apamwamba, koma m'njira yowerengeka, yomveka bwino komanso yachidule pamasamba 183.

Ponena za zomwe zili, komabe, samakupangitsani kukhala kosavuta. Kuchokera pamizere yoyambirira kwambiri amatenga ng'ombe ndi nyanga: "Tiyenera kukhala oona mtima ... Mavuto a padziko lonse amadzipangira okha, m'mbiri yakale - ndipo sizikuwoneka bwino ... Kodi mumasunga bwanji ulemu wanu mu nyengo ya m’mbiri pamene anthu onse ataya ulemu? ... Tikufuna china chake chomwe chidzakhazikika m'miyoyo yeniyeni ya anthu ndi mayiko ngakhale pamene anthu onse alephera."

Chinthu cha Metzinger sichiyenera kuyeretsa zinthu. M'malo mwake, akulosera "kuti padzakhalanso nsonga yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu," zomwe zidzachititsa mantha pambuyo pake "kuzindikira kuti tsokali silingathetsedwe kudzafika pa intaneti ndikuyenda movutikira." Koma Metzinger sakusiya zimenezo, m'malo mwake, amaona kuti n'zotheka kutsutsa zosapeŵeka m'njira yanzeru.

Kuvomera vutolo

Ndizosaneneka kuti izi siziri ndipo sizidzakhala zophweka.Kupatula apo, gulu la anthu lapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi, Metzinger amawatcha "Friends of Mankind", omwe amachita zonse m'deralo kuti "apange matekinoloje atsopano ndi njira zokhazikika zamoyo , chifukwa akufuna kukhala mbali ya yankho”. Metzinger amawaitana onse kuti agwire ntchito pa chikhalidwe cha chidziwitso, sitepe yoyamba yomwe mwina ndi yovuta kwambiri, "kukhoza osati kuchita ... kukhathamiritsa kodekha koma kolondola kwambiri kowongolera ndi kuzindikira pang'onopang'ono njira zodziwikiratu pamlingo wamalingaliro athu". Malinga ndi kunena kwa Metzinger, moyo waulemu umayamba chifukwa cha “mkhalidwe wina wamkati m’chiwopsezo chimene chilipo: Ndikuvomereza kutsutsa“. Osati anthu okha, komanso magulu ndi magulu athunthu angachite moyenerera: “Kodi zingatheke bwanji kulephera kuzindikira ndi chisomo poyang’anizana ndi vuto la mapulaneti? Sitingachitire mwina koma kuphunzira ndendende zimenezo.”

Chikhalidwe cha kuzindikira chomwe chiyenera kukulitsidwa chingakhale "mtundu wa chidziwitso chomwe chimafufuza mitundu yolemekezeka ya moyo ... Monga njira yotsutsana ndi ulamuliro, kugawidwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali, chikhalidwe cha chidziwitso chidzadalira kwambiri anthu, mgwirizano ndi kuwonekera ndipo motero. kukana basi malingaliro a capitalist achinyengo. Zowoneka motere, ndi ...

Konzani nkhani yotulukira

Kuti tisakhale okhazikika m'malingaliro, vuto lalikulu ndikukhazikitsa "chinthu chodziwikiratu" chomwe sichimadzinamizira kuti "ndikudziwa zomwe siziyenera kukhala ... kusowa kwa chitsimikizo cha makhalidwe ... kukumbatira kusatetezeka". Daniel Christian Wahl adafotokoza izi ngati "kulimba mtima". Zingakhale ndi makhalidwe awiri: kumbali imodzi, kuthekera kwa machitidwe amoyo kuti azikhalabe okhazikika pakapita nthawi, komano, kuthekera "kusintha malinga ndi kusintha kwa zinthu ndi zosokoneza"; Amachitcha chomalizacho "kusintha mphamvu". Ndi za "kuchita mwanzeru kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino m'dziko losayembekezereka". Thomas Metzinger akufotokoza kukhala ndi maganizo otseguka, kumverera njira ya tsogolo losayembekezereka mu chikhalidwe cha umbuli, monga "chikhalidwe chowona mtima cha chidziwitso". Cholinga chingakhale "uzimu wadziko" ngati "khalidwe lamkati".

Uzimu wakudziko popanda kudzinyenga

Metzinger, ndithudi, ndi wovuta kwambiri pazochitika zauzimu zazaka makumi angapo zapitazi ku Ulaya ndi USA. Iwo akhala ataya chikhumbo chawo chopita patsogolo ndipo nthawi zambiri amasanduka "mitundu yotengera zochitika za machitidwe achinyengo achipembedzo ... amatsatira zofunikira za chikapitalist zodzikwaniritsa ndipo amadziwika ndi kachitidwe kachibwana". N'chimodzimodzinso ndi zipembedzo zokhazikitsidwa, "zimakhala zotsutsa m'mapangidwe awo ndipo motero ndi osawona mtima". Sayansi yozama ndi uzimu wakudziko zili ndi maziko awiri ofanana: "Choyamba, kufuna kopanda malire pachowonadi, chifukwa kumakhudza chidziwitso osati chikhulupiriro. Ndipo chachiwiri, lingaliro la kukhulupirika kotheratu kwa iwe wekha. "

Chikhalidwe chatsopano chokha chachidziwitso, "uzimu wadziko wakuya kwa kukhalapo popanda kudzinyenga", zenizeni zatsopano, zingapangitse kuti zitheke kuchoka ku "chitsanzo chakukula kwa umbombo" chomwe chinalimidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Izi "zingathandize osachepera ochepa a anthu kuteteza misala yawo pamene zamoyo zonse zikulephera." M'buku lake, Metzinger sakukhudzidwa ndi kulengeza choonadi, koma poyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika panopa ndi kudziletsa kwakukulu: "Chikhalidwe cha chikumbumtima ndi ntchito yodziwitsa, ndipo m'lingaliro limeneli tsogolo lathu likadali lotseguka."

Thomas Metzinger, Culture of Consciousness. Zauzimu, kukhulupirika kwaluntha ndi zovuta zapadziko lapansi, ma euro 22, Berlin Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8270-1488-7 

Ndemanga ya Bobby Langer