Kutetezedwa kwanyengo zabodza ku Austria

ndi Martin Auer

Aliyense amateteza nyengo - koma mpweya sikutsika. Pa Epulo 27.4.2022, XNUMX, akatswiri atatu adalankhula za chodabwitsachi pamsonkhano wa atolankhani wa Scientists for Future ndi Science network Discourse. Mapeto awo: Pali chitetezo chabodza chochuluka ku Austria kuposa zenizeni.

Renate Christ: Zochita zapayekha sizokwanira

Renate Christ, Mlembi Wamkulu wa bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) yemwe wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, anafotokoza za ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha nyengo: Choyamba: Pofuna kukhazikitsa kutentha kwapakati pa dziko lonse lapansi pamlingo wina, mpweya wa CO2 uyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala ukonde. ziro. Apo ayi, kutentha kudzapitirira kukwera. Pa cholinga cha 1,5°C, ziro zonse ziyenera kufikidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 50, pa cholinga cha 2°C kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 70. Kuchepetsa kwakung'ono kwa umuna, kuwongolera kwamaphunziro ang'onoang'ono sikokwanira, chomwe chikufunika ndikuchepetsa kwambiri komanso mosasinthasintha m'malo onse osaiwala kuchepetsa mpweya wina wowonjezera kutentha. Kawirikawiri, kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu kumafunika, osati kungowonjezera mphamvu. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi kuyenera kuchitika nthawi imodzi. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza: kukwanira, kuchita bwino komanso mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, izi ndizo mfundo zitatu zotsogola.

Zowopsa zimabisala "ndalama zopanda pake", mwachitsanzo ma terminals akulu amadzi amadzimadzi kapena boiler yatsopano yamafuta. Ngozi ina ndi "kubwereranso", mwachitsanzo: ngati galimoto idya mafuta ochepa, anthu amayendetsa nthawi zambiri komanso mopitirira.

Lipoti lomaliza la IPCC likugogomezera kuti zolinga za nyengo sizingakwaniritsidwe mwa njira zaumwini; njira yoyendetsera ntchito ikufunika, kusintha m'madera onse: zomangamanga, kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka, zomangamanga, kupanga, zoyendetsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, kukonzanso nyumba ndi zina zotero.

Khristu amafuna kuti pakhale zisankho zomveka bwino za ndale ndi ndondomeko zomwe zimagwirizana, ponse paŵiri pa malamulo ndi chuma. Zimafunikira malamulo ndi misonkho. Lingaliro liyenera kukhala: "Pewani, sinthani, sinthani". Akufotokoza tanthauzo la izi pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto: Choyamba, pewani kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito mapulani oyenerera a malo ndi mizinda. Chachiwiri: Kusuntha kupita ku zoyendera za anthu onse kapena kugawana zotsatsa ndipo komaliza, monga chinthu chachitatu, kumabwera kusintha kwaukadaulo. M'nkhaniyi, galimoto ya e-galimoto, ikayendetsedwa ndi magetsi a CO2-neutral, ili ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera mpweya pamayendedwe apamtunda. Koma tisamaganize kuti zonse zikhala bwino ngati tisinthira ku e-authoring. Zomwe zilinso zovuta ndi zomwe zikuchitika mu gawo la magalimoto apakompyuta kupita kugulu lapamwamba komanso ma SUV, zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa ndi thandizo lathu. Ma e-magalimoto akuluakulu amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti agwire ntchito ndi kupanga, amafunikiranso malo oimikapo magalimoto akuluakulu, kotero amagwiritsa ntchito malo ochulukirapo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaima panjira yofunikira kusintha kwamakhalidwe.

Kutetezedwa kwanyengo kwabodza: ​​ma e-fuels

Mafuta a E-mafuta, mwachitsanzo, mafuta opangira mafuta, nthawi zambiri amalengezedwa ngati m'malo mwa mafuta oyambira pansi, ndi mfundo yakuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu injini wamba ndi makina otenthetsera. Komabe, kupanga ma e-mafuta, komanso a haidrojeni, kumafuna mphamvu zambiri poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi mwachindunji kuyendetsa galimoto kapena pampu yotentha, mwachitsanzo, maulendo angapo opangira mphepo, mapanelo a PV, magetsi opangira magetsi. , etc. Pali chiopsezo kuti magetsi ochokera kumafakitale opangira malasha adzagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma e-fuels. Izi zikanatulutsa mdierekezi ndi Belezebule.

Chitetezo chabodza chanyengo: Bio-Fuels

Mafuta a biofuel nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati njira ina. Chofunika apa ndi kupanga kosatha, mwachitsanzo, ngati pali mkangano ndi kupanga chakudya kapena, mwachitsanzo, ndi ufulu wa nthaka wa anthu amtundu. Muyeneranso kudzifunsa ngati, panthawi yakusowa kwa tirigu chifukwa cha nkhondo ya ku Ukraine, ndizovomerezeka kuti mafuta opangidwa kuchokera kumbewu alowe m'matangi athu. Mafuta a E-fuel ndi bio-fuels amagwira ntchito yofunikira m'madera omwe palibe njira ina, mwachitsanzo, mafakitale ena ndi kutumiza ndi ndege.

Kutetezedwa kwanyengo zabodza: ​​Malipiro a CO2

Monga chitsanzo chomaliza, Renate Christ amatchula za CO2 za chipukuta misozi, zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri pamaulendo apandege komanso m'malo ena monga e-commerce kapena CO2-neutral parcels. Kwa ma euro owonjezera ochepa mungathe kulipirira ntchito yoteteza nyengo - makamaka m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene - ndiyeno mukuganiza kuti mwanjira imeneyi ndegeyo sikungawononge chilengedwe. Koma kumeneko ndi kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Malipiro amafunikira pa chiwongola dzanja cha ziro, koma kuthekera kobzala nkhalango komanso njira zaukadaulo ndizochepa. "Kutulutsa koyipa" kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse kutulutsa mpweya komwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kupeŵa kumadera ovuta ndipo sikungathetse kutulutsa kwapamwamba.

Reinhard Steurer: Tikudzinamiza

Reinhard Steurer, Pulofesa wa Climate Policy ku BOKU Vienna, adalongosola kuti tikungodzinyenga tokha ngati tikhulupirira kuti timasamala kwambiri zachitetezo chanyengo, payekhapayekha, pandale komanso pabizinesi. Njira zambiri sizokhudza kuthetsa vutoli moyenera, koma zakutipangitsa kuti tiziwoneka kapena kumva bwino. Funso lofunika kwambiri pozindikira chitetezo chabodza la nyengo lili pawiri: Kodi kuchitapo kanthu kumachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya wotenthetsa mpweya wochuluka motani, ndipo kodi kumathandiza bwanji kukhazika mtima pansi chikumbumtima cha munthu?

Chitetezo chanyengo zabodza: ​​Tchuthi chaulere cha ku Caribbean ku Sustainable-Lifestyle_Resort

Mwachitsanzo, Steurer anatchula "tchuthi cha ku Caribbean chopanda galimoto m'malo okhazikika amoyo". Nthawi zonse timasankha chitetezo chabodza m'malo ogulitsira, monga zisankho za khonsolo ya dziko kapena boma. M'munda wa ndale, ndi zambiri zokhudza chiwonetsero ndi zizindikiro. Padziko lonse lapansi, tikuwona mbiri yazaka makumi atatu ya ndondomeko ya nyengo yomwe ilidi mbiri ya kuwonjezereka kwa nyengo. Pangano la Paris, akutero Steurer, ndi mgwirizano wa 2,7C mpaka 3C wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha 1,5C. Ngakhale pali misonkhano ndi mapangano onse, piritsi la CO2 mumlengalenga lakhala lokwera kwambiri. Zikadatengera zambiri kuti zisawonongeke, mwachitsanzo, bungwe la World Climate Organisation lofanana ndi World Trade Organisation, sipanayenera kukhala malonda aulere popanda chitetezo chanyengo ndipo tiyenera kubweretsa mitengo yanyengo kalekale.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, njira yamalonda yotulutsa mpweya wa EU inali chitetezo chabodza chabe chifukwa mtengo wa CO2 wa 10 euros unali wotsika kwambiri. Pakalipano, chitetezo cha nyengo cha sham chasanduka chitetezo chenicheni cha nyengo. Chitsanzo china ndi chakuti ku EU, kuwotcha zinyalala za pulasitiki ndi kutentha kwa biomass zimatengedwa kuti ndi mphamvu zongowonjezera zotulutsa ziro. Masiku ano, mafakitale opanga magetsi amawotcha nkhuni zochokera ku USA zomwe zimachokera ku kudula bwino.

Steurer apempha atolankhani kuti asavomereze zonena zandale popanda kuzifufuza. Merkel ndi Kurz, mwachitsanzo, akhala akuyamika ntchito zawo zoteteza nyengo, koma chowonadi ndi chakuti zaka za ntchito za boma ndi CDU ndi ÖVP sizinabweretse zotsatira zodalirika. Kaya mukukana vuto la nyengo kapena kuyesa kuthana nalo ndi chitetezo chabodza, zotsatira zake ndi zofanana: mpweya sukutsika. Monga aphungu ena aku Europe, nyumba yamalamulo yaku Austrian yalengeza zavuto lanyengo. Koma ndondomeko ya zanyengo ili kuti? Ngakhale lamulo loteteza nyengo lomwe dziko la Austria lakhala nalo mzaka zaposachedwa silinagwire ntchito.

Kutetezedwa kwanyengo kwabodza: ​​kusalowerera ndale pofika 2040

Choyipa chachikulu chachitetezo chanyengo ndi nkhani yokhudzana ndi 1,5 ° C ndi nkhani yokhudza kusalowerera ndale pofika chaka cha 2040. Izi zikumveka bwino, koma lero lino cholinga ichi sichingakwaniritsidwe. Pakadali pano zolinga zonse zochepetsera utsi zaphonya, mpweya wa mliriwu utabwerera m'mbuyomu, sunachepe kuyambira 1990. Kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni kungatanthauze kuti mpweya uyenera kufika pa zero pofika 2030. Izi ndizosatheka ndi ndale zomwe timaziwona. Muyenera kutseka maso ndi makutu anu kuti nthanoyi ikhale yamoyo.

Kuteteza nyengo zabodza: ​​mpweya wobiriwira

Pomaliza, Steurer akutchula zachitetezo chabodza pazachuma: "Nthawi zonse wina wa Chamber of Commerce akakuuzani za 'gasi wobiriwira', hydrogen mu makina otenthetsera mpweya, m'nyumba, ndiye kuti ndi bodza chabe." Tidzafunika haidrojeni wamtengo wapatali. ndi biogas komwe kulibe njira ina, mwachitsanzo paulendo wandege.

Kutetezedwa kwanyengo zabodza ndi mawu omveka monga "chitetezo cha nyengo ndi nzeru wamba" kapena zonena za Chamber of Commerce kuti aziteteza nyengo mwakufuna kwawo, popanda zoletsa ndi njira zamisonkho. Chamber of Commerce imadzitamandira kuti idakambirana za kuthetsedwa kwa mwayi wa dizilo.

Akuluakulu ankakonda kuuza ana nthano, akutero Steurer. Lero ana a Fridays for Future akufotokoza za vuto la nyengo kwa akulu akulu ndipo akulu amauzana nthano.

The Greens amachitanso sham kuteteza nyengo, mwachitsanzo pamene Unduna wa Zachilengedwe akudzitamandira kuti zizindikiro kuti ASFINAG kuyika pamodzi motorways ndi zamatabwa, ndipo pamene si momveka bwino ndi momveka bwino kuti ndondomeko panopa sagwirizana ndi zolinga. za 2030 ndi 2040 palibe.

Pafupifupi muyeso uliwonse uli ndi kuthekera kwa kusintha kwakukulu, komanso kuthekera koteteza nyengo. Ndiko kuzindikira ndikuvumbulutsa chitetezo chabodza cha nyengo, chifukwa ndiye sichigwiranso ntchito.

Ulrich Leth: Kutulutsa kwa magalimoto kumachulukana m'malo mochepa

Katswiri wamagalimoto a Ulrich Leth adanenanso kuti kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuyimitsa kwa mpweya. 30 peresenti ya mpweya ku Austria umachokera kuderali. Ngakhale kuti utsi watsika m’magawo ena, wakwera ndi 30 peresenti m’zaka 75 zapitazi.

Kuteteza nyengo yabodza: ​​malo oimika magalimoto ogwirizana ndi nyengo

Pano, timakumana ndi chitetezo chabodza cha nyengo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, "malo oimikapo magalimoto ogwirizana ndi nyengo" adakhazikitsidwa ndi ndondomeko yokweza nyumba ku Lower Austrian. Kutsegula kwa malo oimikapo magalimoto kumapangidwa pofuna kuthana ndi kutentha kwachilimwe. Zikumveka bwino, koma vuto ndiloti malo oimikapo magalimoto pawokha ndiye gwero lofunika kwambiri la magalimoto chifukwa malo oimikapo magalimoto ndiye gwero komanso kopita kwa magalimoto. Malingana ngati malo oimikapo magalimoto ochepera alembedwa - ndipo ichi ndi chotsalira cha malamulo a Reichsgaragen mu "Third Reich", pomwe cholinga cholengezedwa ndicho kuyendetsa magalimoto ambiri - bola ngati kutsegulidwa kwa malo oimikapo magalimoto kumangokhala malaya obiriwira. utoto wopangira zida zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto. Ndipo izi ndizodziyimira pawokha pamtundu wagalimoto wagalimoto, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'matauni komwe kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa monga kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka komanso kulekanitsa ntchito kumakhalabe komweko.

Kutetezedwa kwanyengo yabodza: ​​Kuteteza nyengo kudzera mukupanga misewu yamagalimoto

Chitsanzo chotsatira ndi "Chitetezo cha nyengo pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga". Apa munthu akumva kuti mapulojekiti monga Lobau Tunnel athandizira chitukuko chamizinda chogwirizana ndi nyengo. Koma malipoti oyambilira akuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti polojekitiyi ipereka chilimbikitso pakuchulukirachulukira kwamatauni ndikupanga malo ena ogulitsira komanso misika yapadera kunja kwake. Misewu ya radial idzakhala yodzaza kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe a Marchfeld adulidwa. Palibe chomwe chasintha pazotsatira zowoneratu, zongolankhula zokha zasintha.

Zachidziwikire, ndikutetezanso kwanyengo ngati mutayesa kuti ntchito zolimbikitsa utsi ziwoneke ngati zokondera nyengo: kutcha dzina la msewu wamsewu wamtawuni sikukhudzana ndi kuteteza nyengo.

Kutetezedwa kwanyengo kwabodza: ​​kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amadzimadzi

Nthawi zambiri mumamva kuti magalimoto amayenera kuyenda kuti mpweya wotulutsa mpweya utuluke. "Mafunde obiriwira" amkati amafunikira kapena kukulitsa misewu yapakati pa mizinda. Akuti magalimoto akamayenda bwino amayenda bwino ndi nyengo. Koma nawonso ndi nkhani zabodza zoteteza nyengo. Chifukwa ngati kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumachulukirachulukira, kumakhalanso kokongola, ndipo anthu amasiya njira zina zoyendera kupita kugalimoto. Pali zitsanzo zokwanira za izi: "Tangente" ku Vienna poyambirira idapangidwa kuti ithetse misewu yamkati mwamzinda, idakali yodzaza ngakhale ikukula motsatizana. Msewu wa S1, nsewu wopereka chithandizo, tsopano wadzaza kwambiri ndipo wapanga maulendo ena masauzande ambiri patsiku.

Kutetezedwa kwanyengo kwabodza: ​​"Mega cycle way offensive"

Ndi chitetezo chanyengo chabodza kuchita zochepa kwambiri pazoyenera. Mukayang'anitsitsa, "zonyansa za "mega cycle path" za Mzinda wa Vienna zimasanduka chizindikiro chachinyengo. Makilomita 17 amayendedwe atsopano akubwera. Koma mwina izi zili choncho chifukwa chosakwanira njira zoyendetsera njinga, mwachitsanzo kukwera njinga kumawongoleredwa panjira ya basi. Mwa ma kilomita 17 omwe adalengezedwa, pali opitilira asanu okha omwe ali njira zatsopano zozungulira. Mipata mumsewu waukulu wa Vienna ndi makilomita 250. Ndi makilomita asanu pachaka, zidzatengabe zaka makumi angapo mpaka padzakhala mgwirizano wogwirizana wa njira zozungulira.

Kuteteza nyengo m'gawo la mayendedwe ndi chiyani? Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, kotero kuti mtunda wokhawo ukhoza kuyenda ndi galimoto pomwe sizingatheke mwanjira ina iliyonse. Izi zimagwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, pamayendedwe onyamula katundu wolemera kapena magalimoto adzidzidzi.

Kuwongolera malo oimikapo magalimoto ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe chitetezo chenicheni cha nyengo chingagwire ntchito, chifukwa zimayambira pa gwero la njira.

Zosintha zamagalimoto ziyenera kukulitsidwa kwambiri. Zoyendera za anthu onse ziyenera kukhala zosavuta, zotsika mtengo komanso zodalirika. Kuyenda ndi kupalasa njinga ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa. Misewu yotakata popanda zopinga ndiyofunika, kuwoloka kuyenera kukhala kotetezedwa kwa oyenda pansi, misewu yozungulira ndiyofunikira m'misewu yayikulu yonse. Chizindikiro chabwino chingakhale ngati mtsikana wazaka XNUMX angathe kuyendetsa njinga kupita kusukulu yekha.

Chithunzi chachikuto: Montage wolemba Martin Auer