Malipiro a CO2: "Chinyengo chowopsa pamayendedwe apandege"

Kodi ndingangothetsa mpweya wanga ngati sindikufuna kusankha pakati paulendo wapandege komanso kuteteza nyengo? Ayi, atero a Thomas Fatheuer, wamkulu wakale wa ofesi ya Heinrich Böll Foundation ku Brazil komanso wogwira ntchito ku Research and Documentation Center Chile-Latin America (Mtengo wa FDCL). Pokambirana ndi Pia Voelker, akufotokoza chifukwa chake.

Chopereka cha Komanso Voelker "Mkonzi ndi katswiri wa Gen-ethische Netzwerk eV komanso mkonzi wa magazini yapakompyuta yanthawi zonse"

Pia Voelker: A Fatheuer, ndalama zolipirira ndalama zafalikira ndipo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyendetsa ndege. Kodi mumaganiza bwanji za lingaliro ili?

Thomas Fatheuer: Lingaliro la chipukuta misozi limatengera lingaliro loti CO2 ikufanana ndi CO2. Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, mpweya wa CO2 wochokera kuyaka kwa mphamvu zakufa ukhoza kusinthanitsidwa ndikusungidwa kwa CO2 muzomera. Mwachitsanzo, nkhalango ikukhazikitsidwa m'nkhalango ndi ndalama zolipirira. CO2 yomwe yasungidwa ndiyomwe imatsutsana ndi mpweya wochokera pagalimoto. Komabe, izi zimalumikiza mayendedwe awiri omwe amakhala osiyana.

Vuto lina ndiloti tawononga nkhalango ndi zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, komanso ndi zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana. Ndiye chifukwa chake tiyenera kusiya kudula nkhalango kapena kubwezeretsa nkhalango ndi zachilengedwe. Kuwonedwa padziko lonse lapansi, iyi si mphamvu yowonjezera yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulipirira.

Voelker: Kodi pali mapulojekiti omwe amathandiza kwambiri kuposa ena?

Fatheuer: Ntchito za munthu aliyense zitha kukhala zothandiza. Kaya ali ndi cholinga chenicheni ndi funso lina. Mwachitsanzo, Atmosfair ndiyodziwika bwino ndipo ili ndi mbiri yothandizira ntchito zomwe zimapindulitsa alimi ang'onoang'ono polimbikitsa ntchito za nkhalango ndi zaulimi.

Voelker: Zambiri mwa izi zikuchitika m'maiko aku Global South. Zowonedwa padziko lonse lapansi, komabe, zambiri za mpweya wa CO2 zimachitika m'maiko otukuka. Chifukwa chiyani kulibe chindapusa komwe zimayambira?

Fatheuer: Ili ndiye gawo limodzi lamavuto. Koma chifukwa chake ndi chosavuta: kutumizidwa mwachizolowezi ndiotsika mtengo ku Global South. Zikalata zochokera m'mapulojekiti a REDD (Kuchepetsa Kutulutsa Kotulutsa Nkhalango ndi Kuwonongeka Kwa Nkhalango) m'maiko aku Latin America omwe amayang'ana kuchepetsa kudula mitengo mwachangu ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa ziphaso zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukonzanso ma moor ku Germany.

Voelker: Ochirikiza mfundo zakulipirira akuti zomwe zikuyambitsa ntchitoyi sikuti zimangoyesetsa kupulumutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, komanso zimayesetsa kukonza miyoyo ya anthu akumaloko. Mukuganiza bwanji za izi?

Fatheuer: Izi zitha kukhala zowona mwatsatanetsatane, koma kodi sizolakwika kuwona kuwongolera kwa moyo wa anthu ngati vuto lina? Muzojambula zamakono zimatchedwa "Zopindulitsa Zopanda Mpweya" (NCB). Chilichonse chimadalira CO2!

Voelker: Kodi chindapusa cha CO2 chingatani polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo?

Fatheuer: Palibe gramu imodzi ya CO2 yocheperako yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi chindapusa, ndimasewera a zero-sum. Chuma sichimathandiza kuchepetsa, koma kupatula nthawi.

Lingaliro limapereka chinyengo chowopsa kuti titha kupitiliza mosangalala ndikuthetsa zonse kudzera kubweza.

Voelker: Mukuganiza kuti muyenera kuchita chiyani?

Fatheuer: Mayendedwe apandege sayenera kupitilirabe kukula. Kuyenda kwamaulendo apaulendo komanso kulimbikitsa njira zina ziyenera kukhala zoyambirira.

Zotsatirazi, mwachitsanzo, zitha kuchitika pamalingaliro akanthawi kochepa ku EU.

• Ndege zonse zosakwana 1000 km ziyenera kuyimitsidwa, kapena kukwera kwambiri pamtengo.
• Maukonde a sitima aku Europe akuyenera kukwezedwa ndi mitengo yomwe imapangitsa kuyenda kwa njanji mpaka 2000 km kutsika mtengo kuposa maulendo apandege.

Pakatikati, cholinga chiyenera kukhala chochepetsera kuchuluka kwamaulendo apandege. Tiyeneranso kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amtundu wina. Komabe, izi siziyenera kuphatikizapo "biofuels", koma mafuta opangira palafini, mwachitsanzo, omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochokera ku mphepo.

Poganizira kuti ngakhale msonkho wa palafini sukakamizidwa pandale pakadali pano, malingaliro oterewa akuwoneka kuti ndiopanda tanthauzo.

"Malingana ngati kuchuluka kwa ndege kukukulira, kulipidwa ndiye yankho lolakwika."

Nditha kungolingalira kulipidwa pamlingo winawake ngati chopereka chenicheni ngati chingaphatikizidwe ndi njira yowonongera zowononga. M'mikhalidwe yamasiku ano, ndiyopanda phindu chifukwa imapangitsa kuti mtundu wokulirapo upitirire. Malingana ngati kuchuluka kwa ndege kukukulira, kulipidwa ndiye yankho lolakwika.

Thomas Fatheuer Anatsogolera ofesi ya ku Brazil ya Heinrich Böll Foundation ku Rio de Janeiro. Wakhala ku Berlin ngati wolemba komanso wothandizira kuyambira 2010 ndipo amagwira ntchito ku Research and Documentation Center Chile-Latin America.

Kuyankhulana koyamba kunapezeka m'magazini yapaintaneti ya "ad hoc international": https://nefia.org/ad-hoc-international/co2-kompensation-gefaehrliche-illusionen-fuer-den-flugverkehr/