Economists Kemfert, Stagl: Zitha kuchitikanso popanda mafuta aku Russia ndi gasi

ndi Martin Auer

"Europe ikhoza kuteteza magetsi ngakhale popanda mphamvu zaku Russia ", anafotokoza Pulofesa Claudia Kemfert, Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu, Zoyendetsa ndi Zachilengedwe ku German Institute for Economic Research pamsonkhano wa atolankhani Lachinayi. "Izi zitha kutheka ndi katatu: kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zochokera kunja, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kukulitsa mphamvu zongowonjezera mphamvu. Vuto lomwe lilipo liyenera kukhala chizindikiro choyambira kuti Green Deal ipititse patsogolo mphamvu zowonjezera. ”

wazachuma Pulofesa Sigrid Stagl, Mtsogoleri wa Competence Center Sustainability Transformation and Responsibility (STAR) ku WU Vienna, adatsimikizira: "Kufulumira kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi ntchito yothandizana yomwe idzakhala yopindulitsa pazachuma pakapita nthawi. Kusinthira ku zongowonjezera ndikwabwino pazachuma”

Nkhondo yaku Ukraine ikuwonetsa momwe kusintha kwamagetsi kulili kofulumira

Msonkhano wa atolankhani unakonzedwa ndi Scientists for Future Austria ndi Diskurs-Das Wissenschaftsnetzwerk. Ngakhale kuwukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine kwawonetsa kudalira kwathu komanso kusatetezeka kwamafuta oyambira kale, pakhala kufunikira kwa kusintha kwenikweni kwa mphamvu. Kutetezedwa kwanyengo sikungofunikira kutuluka kwamafuta ndi gasi aku Russia, komanso kutsanzikana ndi mafuta ndi gasi palimodzi. Ndipo mwamsanga momwe zingathere.

Mapulani achitetezo achitetezo amayenera kupangidwa

Kemfert, yemwenso ndi pulofesa woona za chuma champhamvu payunivesite ya Leuphana ku Lüneburg ndipo akugwira ntchito m’bungwe lakuti Scientists for Future, akupitiriza kuti: “Popeza kuti pakali pano pali kuletsa malasha komanso kuletsa mafuta, bungwe la European Union likuwonjezera mavuto ku Russia. Komabe, popeza kuperekedwa kwa gasi wachilengedwe waku Russia kulinso pachiwopsezo, mapulani achitetezo akuyenera kupangidwa. Komanso chifukwa Russia ikhoza kuchepetsa kupezeka nthawi iliyonse.

Kuthetsa malasha ndi kuthetsa mphamvu ya nyukiliya n'kotheka

Pankhani ya magetsi, Germany ikuwonetsa kuti m'chaka chomwe chikubwera cha 2023 mphamvu yotetezedwa ndi yotheka ngakhale popanda mphamvu zamagetsi zaku Russia. Kutsekedwa kwa malo atatu omaliza a magetsi a nyukiliya kuyenera kuchitika ndipo kuyenera kuchitika monga momwe zinakonzedwera mu Disembala 2022, ndipo cholinga cha mgwirizano wamgwirizano wochotsa malasha koyambirira pofika 2030 chikadali chotheka.

Pofika mchaka cha 2030: Chopangira magetsi cha malasha cha Scholven
Chithunzi: Sebastian Schlueter kudzera Wikimedia, CC BY-SA

Pali mwayi wosunga gasi wachilengedwe

Pankhani ya gasi wachilengedwe (omwe ali ndi madera ena ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito kuwonjezera pa kupanga magetsi), zoperekedwa kuchokera ku mayiko ena otumiza gasi kunja, mwachitsanzo. B. Holland, amalipira gawo lazogulitsa kunja kwa Russia. Mapaipi ndi zosungirako zosungirako zingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Kumbali yofunikira, pali mwayi wosunga kwakanthawi kochepa wa 19 mpaka 26 peresenti. M'nthawi yapakati, kukankhira kwa kutentha komwe kumangowonjezereka komanso mphamvu zowonjezera ndizofunikira. Ngati ndalama zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso ndipo nthawi yomweyo zoperekedwa kuchokera kumayiko ena omwe amapereka gasi zimakulitsidwa momwe zingathere mwaukadaulo, kuperekedwa kwa gasi ku Germany kumatetezedwa ngakhale popanda kutumizidwa kunja kwa Russia mchaka chino komanso m'nyengo yozizira yomwe ikubwera. 2022/23.

Sinthani zomangamanga bwino kwambiri ndikusintha kufunikira

M'mayiko onse a European Union, gasi lachilengedwe lakhala likudalira kwambiri kuchokera ku Russia. Kudalira kumeneku kunali kwakukulu makamaka ku Germany, Italy, Austria ndi mayiko ambiri a Kum'mawa ndi Pakati pa Ulaya. Komabe, mpweya wachilengedwe sumagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachuma zonsezi. Kuwerengera kwachitsanzo kumasonyeza kuti European Union ikhoza kulipira gawo lalikulu ngati kulephera kwathunthu kwa gasi lachilengedwe la Russia. M'kanthawi kochepa, kuyang'ana kwambiri ndi kuyang'anira bwino kwa zomangamanga zomwe zilipo kale, kusiyanasiyana kwa mapangano ogula zinthu ndi njira zosinthira zofunikira. Malo okhazikika a LNG sangakhale othandiza chifukwa amatha kupanga zotsekera. Komano, malo oyandama angakhale othandiza.

Ndikofunikiranso kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu azikhala bwino. Kuchepetsa mitengo ya gasi kungakhale kopanda phindu chifukwa sikungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. M'malo mwake, payenera kukhala chiwonjezeko chandalama kwa anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zomwe zawonjezeka.

Kufulumizitsa kukulitsa kwa zongowonjezwdwa

Pakatikati, kukula kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso kuyenera kufulumizitsidwa malinga ndi EU Green Deal, kuphatikizapo kuthetsa kwanthawi yake kugwiritsa ntchito gasi wachilengedwe, zomwe zingalimbikitse chitetezo champhamvu ku Europe.

Stagl: Austria yapumula kwanthawi yayitali

Prof. Sigrid Stagl, yemwenso ndi membala wa bungwe la akatswiri la Scientists for Future Austria, akupitiriza kudzudzula kuti dziko la Austria likudikira motalika kwambiri:

"Austria idapumula kwanthawi yayitali pagawo lalikulu lazongowonjezeranso pakupanga magetsi ndipo idachita zochepa kwambiri kuti (1) ionjezere gawo lazowonjezeranso mumagetsi ndi (2) kuchotsa magwero amagetsi otenthetsera ndi kuyenda. Kuti ndalama zachuma zikhale zochepa, munthu ayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, kulengeza njira mu nthawi yabwino ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi ndondomeko ya nthawi yayitali yomwe anagwirizana. M'malo mwake, ochita zisankho aku Austrian adasankha kukankhira ma levers akuluakulu m'mbuyo mobwerezabwereza ndikuyembekeza kuti maboma amtsogolo ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo idzathana nawo. Kukonzekera kwanthawi yayitali kukanachepetsa mtengo wachuma, chifukwa makampani ndi anthu wamba akadatha kukonza zosintha munthawi yake. Kukana kuchita zabwino kwa nthawi yaitali kwatilowetsa m’mavuto amakono.

Manambala akusowa

Pakali pano palibe maphunziro omwe akupezeka pagulu kapena ziwerengero zomwe zingalole kuti kuyerekeza kuchitidwe mwachangu komanso pamtengo wotani kuti Austria ituluke mafuta ndi gasi waku Russia. Choncho, mawu enieni, omveka bwino ndi zosatheka, zomwe ndithudi zimasiya malo ambiri ongoganizira.

Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu zomwe zilipo kale bwino

Chotsimikizika ndichakuti kutuluka kwamafuta oyambira pansi ndikofunikiranso ku Austria poteteza nyengo ndipo pakadali pano ikufunika mwachangu mumgwirizano. Kusonkhanitsa kokwanira ndikofunikira. Mantha sikofunikira, koma kutsimikizira ndi kovulaza. Tsoka ilo, mphamvu zopangira ndi zida zotenthetsera sizingasinthidwe kuyambira tsiku limodzi kupita lina. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi m'makampani, kusungunula kwanyumba ndikusintha kwamakhalidwe kumakhala kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri. Komabe, padakali kufunikira kotsalira komwe kumayenera kubwera kuchokera kuzinthu zina kwakanthawi kochepa kuti pakhale zodziyimira pawokha pamagetsi aku Russia posachedwa. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, kulimbikitsana kotheratu ndikofunikira.

Kuchepetsa liwiro komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pawokha kumapulumutsa mafuta

Kuyika mafuta m'malo mwake ndikosavuta ku Austria kuposa ku Germany. Pakadali pano, tangopeza zabwino 7% zazomwe timadya kuchokera ku Russia. Zomangamanga sizikhala ndi vuto linalake pankhani ya mafuta mwina ndipo zimalola kulowetsedwa mwachangu kuchokera kuzinthu zina Chifukwa cha chitetezo cha nyengo, kuthekera kosunga ndalama (monga malire a liwiro, njira zochepetsera zoyendera zapayekha) ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi Minister of Energy Gewessler, Austria idasiya kugula mafuta aku Russia mu Marichi.

chithunzi cha Felix Mueller pa Pixabay 

Kuyika ndalama pakupanga gasi wamadzimadzi kungatigwirizanitse ndi mphamvu zamafuta kwanthawi yayitali

Mkhalidwe wa gasi ndi wovuta kwambiri, womwe umafunika kusiyanitsa madera osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito gasi ku Austria. Kuphatikiza pa kutentha kwa malo, malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amaphatikizapo kuphika, mafakitale ndi kupanga magetsi. Pano, mpweya ukhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta komanso mofulumira m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Gasi wamadzimadzi okwera mtengo nthawi zambiri amalowetsedwa ngati njira yothanirana ndi gasi wachilengedwe waku Russia. Komabe, izi zimafunikira zida zatsopano zopangira zinthu zakale (zotengera gasi zamadzimadzi) kunja kwa Austria. Komabe, kulowetsa koteroko sikungangowonjezera mitengo yamagetsi, zomwe zingakhudze mabanja osauka kwambiri ndikubweretsa zovuta pa mpikisano wamakampani aku Austrian, komanso ziyenera kuopedwa kuti ndalama m'derali zidzachedwetsa kusintha kwa mphamvu. Choncho ndikofunikira kuti tisamange njira zatsopano zopangira gasi ndi mafuta, ngati kuli kotheka, kuti tipewe kudalira njira zatsopano zamafuta.

Njira yabwino ndiyo kupulumutsa mphamvu

Komabe, njira zotsika mtengo zamakanthawi monga gasi wamadzimadzi zimasinthidwanso mwachangu ndi mafakitale. Kuchedwetsa kulikonse pakuchepetsa mpweya chifukwa cha kutha kwa mafuta ndi gasi aku Russia kuyenera kulipidwa chifukwa chosinthira mwachangu kupita ku zongowonjezera. Muyeso wabwino kwambiri ndikupulumutsa mphamvu.

Magetsi obiriwira amakampani, kuyenda, kuphika ndi kutenthetsa

Pa nthawi yapakati, 100 peresenti ya magetsi idzachokera ku mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kupanga mafakitale, kuyenda, kuphika ndi kutentha kumasinthidwa ku matekinoloje opangira magetsi. Pazachuma, kusinthaku kwakhala kofunikira kwazaka zambiri. Tekinoloje zongowonjezwdwa tsopano ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri kotero kuti ndizoyeneranso pazachuma. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika, monga momwe mphamvu ya dzuwa ingasungidwe osati mu mabatire ndi haidrojeni. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, timafunikira machitidwe a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zolimbikitsa zachuma zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yokhazikika ikhale yosavuta komanso yokongola. Chofunikira ndi kuchepetsedwa kofulumira kwa mphamvu zonse zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi 25 peresenti komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito gasi ndi 25 peresenti. Izi ziyenera kukhala zotheka pofika chaka cha 2027 kapena, molimbika, pofika 2025. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikiranso kuonjezera chiwerengero cha akatswiri odziwa ntchito.

Muyeneranso kulankhulana komwe ulendowu ukupita: Pambuyo pa gawo la khama lalikulu, tidzakhala ndi mitengo yotsika ya magetsi, mtengo wowonjezera udzakhalabe m'dzikoli ndipo sitidzakhala odalira.

Chithunzi choyambirira: px ku CC 0