Cov kev cog lus huab cua tau ua los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab loj tsis sawv los soj ntsuam ze dua

los ntawm Martin Auer

2019 lub kaus mom Amazon nrog rau lwm cov tuam txhab loj Huab Cua Pledge founded, ib ob peb mergers los ntawm cov tuam txhab uas cog lus los ua carbon nruab nrab los ntawm 2040. Tab sis rau hnub tim, Amazon tsis tau sau meej meej tias nws npaj siab ua tiav lub hom phiaj li cas. Nws tsis paub meej tias qhov kev cog lus tsuas yog them rau CO2 emissions lossis tag nrho cov tsev cog khoom gases, thiab nws tsis paub meej tias qhov emissions tiag tiag yuav raug txo qis lossis tsuas yog offset los ntawm carbon offsetting.

Ikea xav kom "kev nyab xeeb zoo" los ntawm 2030. Raws nraim qhov txhais tau tias tseem tsis meej, tab sis nws qhia tias Ikea xav ua ntau dua li mus rau cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Tshwj xeeb, lub tuam txhab npaj yuav txo nws cov emissions los ntawm 2030 feem pua ​​​​los ntawm 15. Rau qhov seem, Ikea xav suav "kev zam" emissions, ntawm lwm yam, piv txwv li emissions uas nws cov neeg muas zaub tau zam thaum lawv yuav cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag los ntawm Ikea. Ikea kuj suav cov carbon khi hauv nws cov khoom. Lub tuam txhab paub tias cov pa roj carbon no tau tso tawm dua tom qab ib puag ncig 20 xyoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab (piv txwv li thaum cov khoom ntoo raug pov tseg thiab hlawv). Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no negates huab cua cuam tshuam dua.

Kua tshaj tawm hauv nws lub vev xaib: "Peb yog CO2 nruab nrab. Thiab los ntawm 2030, tag nrho cov khoom koj nyiam yuav dhau los. " Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no "Peb yog CO2-tsis nruab nrab" tsuas yog hais txog cov neeg ua haujlwm cov haujlwm ncaj qha, kev mus ncig ua lag luam thiab kev mus ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsuas yog suav txog 1,5 feem pua ​​​​ntawm Pab Pawg cov emissions tag nrho. Qhov seem 98,5 feem pua ​​tshwm sim hauv cov saw hlau. Ntawm no, Apple tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj txo qis ntawm 2030 feem pua ​​​​los ntawm 62 raws li 2019. Qhov ntawd yog qhov xav tau, tab sis tseem muaj txoj hauv kev ntev los ntawm CO2 nruab nrab. Paub cov hom phiaj nruab nrab tsis muaj. Kuj tsis muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm yuav ua li cas txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv cov khoom. 

Kev coj zoo thiab tsis zoo

Cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab loj. Lub think tank New Climate Institute tau ua tib zoo saib cov phiaj xwm ntawm 25 lub tuam txhab loj thiab tshuaj xyuas cov phiaj xwm ntxaws ntawm cov tuam txhab. Ntawm ib sab, qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov phiaj xwm tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, seb qhov kev npaj ntsuas puas ua tau thiab txaus kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj uas cov tuam txhab tau teeb tsa lawv tus kheej. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam, piv txwv li seb cov khoom lag luam hauv daim ntawv no thiab rau qhov no ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg, tsis suav nrog hauv kev ntsuam xyuas. 

Cov kev tshawb pom tau luam tawm hauv Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor 2022 tsab ntawv ceeb toom[1] ua ke nrog NGO Saib Cov Kev Lag Luam Carbon qhov tseeb. 

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm qhia txog ntau yam kev coj ua zoo tiv thaiv kev ua raws li kev cog lus ntawm tuam txhab kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem ntsuas tau:

  • Cov tuam txhab yuav tsum taug qab tag nrho lawv cov emissions thiab tshaj tawm txhua xyoo. Xws li cov los ntawm lawv tus kheej ntau lawm ("Scope 1"), los ntawm kev tsim lub zog uas lawv siv ("Scope 2") thiab los ntawm cov saw hlau thiab cov txheej txheem qis qis xws li thauj, siv thiab pov tseg ("Scope 3"). 
  • Cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum hais hauv lawv cov hom phiaj huab cua uas cov hom phiaj no suav nrog kev tso pa tawm hauv thaj tsam 1, 2 thiab 3 nrog rau lwm yam kev nyab xeeb tsav tsheb (xws li kev siv av hloov). Lawv yuav tsum teem lub hom phiaj uas tsis suav nrog offsets thiab ua raws li 1,5 ° C lub hom phiaj rau kev lag luam no. Thiab lawv yuav tsum tau teeb tsa qhov tseem ceeb tsis pub tshaj tsib xyoos sib nrug.
  • Cov tuam txhab yuav tsum siv cov kev ntsuas sib sib zog nqus decarbonization thiab nthuav tawm lawv kom lwm tus tuaj yeem ua raws li lawv. Koj yuav tsum tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub zog tauj dua tshiab thiab nthuav tawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw.
  • Lawv yuav tsum muab kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txo qis kev hloov pauv huab cua sab nraud ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig, yam tsis muaj kev ua kom tsis zoo rau lawv cov emissions. Raws li kev txhawj xeeb txog carbon offsets, lawv yuav tsum zam cov lus cog tseg tsis raug. Tsuas yog cov CO2 offsets yuav tsum raug suav tias offset emissions tsis muaj kev zam kiag li. Cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum tsuas yog xaiv cov kev daws teeb meem uas sequester carbon rau ntau pua xyoo lossis ntau txhiab xyoo (tsawg kawg 2 xyoo) thiab qhov ntawd tuaj yeem raug suav tau. Qhov kev thov no tsuas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev daws teeb meem thev naus laus zis uas ua rau CO100, piv txwv li hloov nws mus rau hauv magnesium carbonate (magnesite) lossis calcium carbonate (lime), piv txwv li, thiab tsuas yog muaj nyob rau yav tom ntej uas tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntau dua.

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm hais txog cov kev coj tsis zoo hauv qab no:

  • Kev xaiv nthuav tawm ntawm emissions, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm Scope 3. Qee lub tuam txhab siv qhov no los nkaum txog 98 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lawv tag nrho cov hneev taw.
  • Exaggerated yav dhau los emissions kom txo tau tshwm sim ntau dua.
  • Outsourcing ntawm emissions rau subcontractors.
  • Nkaum inaction tom qab lub hom phiaj zoo.
  • Tsis txhob suav nrog emissions los ntawm cov khoom xa khoom thiab cov txheej txheem hauv qab.
  • Lub hom phiaj tsis raug: tsawg kawg plaub ntawm 25 lub tuam txhab tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm cov hom phiaj uas qhov tseeb tsis tas yuav txo qis ntawm 2020 thiab 2030.
  • Cov ntaub ntawv tsis meej lossis tsis txaus ntseeg txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv.
  • Muab ob npaug rau suav txo.
  • Xaiv cov npe ntawm tus kheej thiab txhawb nqa lawv li CO2-neutral.

Tsis muaj thawj qhov chaw hauv qhov ntsuas

Hauv kev ntsuam xyuas raws li cov kev coj ua zoo thiab tsis zoo, tsis muaj ib lub tuam txhab tshawb fawb tau ua tiav thawj qhov chaw. 

Maersk tuaj nyob rau hauv thib ob ("tau txais"). Lub tuam txhab thauj khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2022 tias nws npaj siab kom ua tiav cov pa hluav taws xob xoom rau tag nrho lub tuam txhab, suav nrog tag nrho peb qhov kev ua haujlwm, los ntawm 2040. Qhov no yog kev txhim kho dua li cov phiaj xwm yav dhau los. Los ntawm 2030, emissions los ntawm terminals yuav tsum poob los ntawm 70 feem pua ​​thiab cov emission siv ntawm shipping (xws li emissions ib tonne thauj) los ntawm 50 feem pua. Tau kawg, yog tias cov khoom thauj khoom nce ntxiv rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no yog tsawg dua 50 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov emissions kiag li. Maersk yuav tsum tau ua tiav qhov feem ntau ntawm kev txo qis ntawm 2030 thiab 2040. Maersk tseem tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj rau kev hloov pauv ncaj qha rau CO2-neutral fuels, piv txwv li hluavtaws thiab bio-fuels. LPG ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem ib ntus tsis suav nrog. Raws li cov roj tshiab no ua rau muaj teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nyab xeeb, Maersk kuj tau tshaj tawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntsig txog. Yim lub freighters tau teem sijhawm mus ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 2024, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog fossil fuels nrog rau bio-methanol lossis e-methanol. Nrog rau qhov no, Maersk xav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov xauv nkag. Lub tuam txhab kuj tau lobbied Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Maritime rau kev them nqi carbon dav dav ntawm kev xa khoom. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm thuam qhov tseeb hais tias, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev npaj rau lwm yam roj, Maersk nthuav tawm ob peb lub hom phiaj meej rau scope 2 thiab 3 emissions. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hluav taws xob rau kev tsim cov roj hluav taws xob hauv qhov kawg yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Apple, Sony thiab Vodafone tuaj thib peb ("mob").

Cov tuam txhab hauv qab no tsuas yog me ntsis ua tau raws li cov qauv: Amazon, Deutsche Telekom, Enel, GlaxoSmithkline, Google, Hitachi, Ikea, Volkswagen, Walmart thiab Vale. 

Thiab daim ntawv tshaj tawm pom kev sib tham me me nrog Accenture, BMW Group, Carrefour, CVS Health, Deutsche Post DHL, E.On SE, JBS, Nestlé, Novartis, Saint-Gbain thiab Unilever.

Tsuas yog peb ntawm cov tuam txhab no tau teeb tsa cov phiaj xwm txo qis uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov nqi saw: Danish shipping loj Maersk, British tuam txhab kev sib txuas lus Vodafone thiab Deutsche Telekom. 13 lub tuam txhab tau xa cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev ntsuas. Qhov nruab nrab, cov phiaj xwm no txaus los txo qis emissions los ntawm 40 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov lus cog tseg 100 feem pua. Tsawg kawg tsib ntawm cov tuam txhab tsuas yog ua tiav 15 feem pua ​​​​txo nrog lawv cov kev ntsuas. Piv txwv li, lawv tsis suav nrog emissions los ntawm lawv cov neeg muab khoom lossis los ntawm cov txheej txheem qis xws li thauj, siv thiab pov tseg. Kaum ob ntawm lub tuam txhab tsis tau qhia meej meej rau lawv cov phiaj xwm txo qis roj tsev cog khoom. Yog tias koj coj tag nrho cov tuam txhab tshuaj xyuas ua ke, lawv tsuas yog ua tiav 20 feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev cog lus txo qis hauv emissions. Txhawm rau kom tseem ncav cuag 1,5 ° C lub hom phiaj, tag nrho cov emissions yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm 2030 mus rau 40 feem pua ​​​​los ntawm 50 piv rau 2010.

Kev them nyiaj CO2 yog teeb meem

Ntawm qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb yog tias ntau lub tuam txhab suav nrog cov pa roj carbon offsetting hauv lawv cov phiaj xwm, feem ntau los ntawm cov kev pab cuam rov qab los thiab lwm yam kev daws teeb meem, xws li Amazon tab tom ua rau loj. Qhov no yog teeb meem vim tias cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv txoj kev no tuaj yeem tso tawm rov qab rau hauv qhov chaw, piv txwv li los ntawm hluav taws kub hav zoov lossis los ntawm kev deforestation thiab hlawv. Cov phiaj xwm zoo li no kuj xav tau thaj chaw uas tsis muaj nyob tsis tau tas li thiab tej zaum yuav tsis muaj zaub mov ntau lawm. Lwm qhov laj thawj yog tias carbon sequestration (hu ua tsis zoo emissions) Tsis tas li ntawd tsim nyog los txo emissions. Yog li cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa cov kev pab cuam no rau kev rov ua hav zoov lossis kev kho vaj tse peatland thiab lwm yam, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv qhov kev txhawb nqa no los ua kev zam txim kom tsis txhob txo lawv cov emissions, piv txwv li tsis suav nrog cov khoom tsis zoo hauv lawv cov peev nyiaj emissions. 

Txawm tias cov thev naus laus zis uas rho tawm CO2 los ntawm huab cua thiab khi nws mus tas li (mineralize) tsuas yog tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm yog tias lawv npaj siab los tawm tsam qhov tsis muaj emissions yav tom ntej. Hauv kev ua li ntawd, cov tuam txhab yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias txawm tias cov thev naus laus zis no, yog tias lawv tau ua tiav, tsuas yog muaj nyob rau qee qhov txwv thiab tseem muaj qhov tsis paub tseeb cuam tshuam nrog lawv. Lawv yuav tsum ua raws li kev tsim kho kom zoo thiab hloov kho lawv cov phiaj xwm huab cua kom haum.

Uniform qauv yuav tsum tau tsim

Zuag qhia tag nrho, daim ntawv tshaj tawm pom tias tsis muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam ntawm lub teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb rau kev ntsuas cov tuam txhab kev nyab xeeb cov lus cog tseg. Cov qauv zoo li no yuav tsum tau ceev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm huab cua tiag tiag los ntawm kev ntxuav dej ntsuab.

Txhawm rau tsim cov qauv zoo li no rau cov phiaj xwm net-zero ntawm cov koom haum tsis yog tsoomfwv xws li tuam txhab, cov tub ua lag luam, nroog thiab cheeb tsam, United Nations tau tshaj tawm ib qho hauv lub Peb Hlis xyoo no. pawg kws tshaj lij coj mus rau txoj sia. Cov lus pom zoo yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm ua ntej lub xyoo xaus.

Spotted: Renate Christ

Daim duab npog: Canva / postprocessed los ntawm Simon Probst

[1]    Hnub, Thomas; Mooldijke, Silke; Smit, Sybrig; Posada, Eduardo; Hans, Frederic; Fearnehough, Harry et al. (2022): Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor 2022. Cologne: New Climate Institute. Hauv online: https://newclimate.org/2022/02/07/corporate-climate-responsibility-monitor-2022/, nkag mus rau 02.05.2022/XNUMX/XNUMX.

Cov ncej no tau tsim los ntawm Xaiv Neeg Zej Zog. Koom nrog hauv thiab tshaj tawm koj cov lus!

RAU LUB XIBFWB RAU KEV XAIV AUSTRIA


Cia ib saib