Helmut Melzer
Kev txuag hluav taws xob yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho ib puag ncig. Vaj tse tsim kom 32 feem pua ntawm kev thov lub zog thaum kawg thiab kwv yees li 40 feem pua ntawm thawj lub zog xav tau hauv cov teb chaws feem ntau. Feem ntau ntawm lub zog xav tau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb Europe rau qhov chaw cua sov. Hauv Austria, chav sov pab txhawb 28 feem pua rau qhov kev thov hluav taws xob kawg thiab 14 feem pua rau Austrian tsev cog khoom roj (GHG) emissions.
Yav tom ntej thiab muaj peev xwm
Qhov kev kawm tam sim no "cov xwm txheej ntawm lub zog mus txog 2050 - Kev thov kub ntawm cov neeg siv khoom me" ntawm Vienna University of thev naus laus zis tam sim no qhia txog lub neej yav tom ntej thiab qhia tau hais tias kev tsim kho kev tsim kho thiab kev kho dua tshiab yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv ecological - thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov kev ntsuas ntxiv. Hauv kev ua haujlwm, txhua lub tsev nyeg thiab cov vaj tsev yav tom ntej tau suav nrog ntau qhov xwm txheej. Xaus: Cov kev ntsuas tau txais los txog tam sim no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg los ntawm 86 terawatt teev TWh hauv xyoo 2012 rau 53 TWh (2050), thiab tseem muaj ntau qhov kev ntsuas kom txo lawv mus rau 40 TWh hauv xyoo 2050.
Lub zog thiab CO2 kev txuag hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kho cua sov thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntxiv tuaj yeem ua pov thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab rau sawv cev ntawm Cov Nyiaj Txiag thiab Zog Kev Nyab Xeeb. Tsib Austrian cov qauv txum tim rov qab los tau tshawb xyuas ua ntej thiab tom qab kev tsim kho tshiab. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev saib xyuas lub zog: Cov pa roj carbon monoxide CO2 txo rau cov phiaj xwm tag nrho ncig 105 tons nyob rau ib xyoos. Qee zaum, kev siv cov hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv tau txo Co2 cov pa tawm rau pes tsawg feem pua. Lub zog cua sov tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsawg kawg yog ib feem peb.
Qhov tseeb tshaj tawm
Cov xwm txheej ntawm ecology hauv kev tsim kho, txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog loj yuav tsum tau siv mus rau hauv tus account. "Lub zog-txuag lub zog ntawm thaj chaw ntsuab" tsis yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev ua kom ruaj khov. Lub tswv yim tsim hluav taws xob feem ntau yog los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev, kev siv av thiab daim ntawv ntawm kev nyob, "xeev Andrea Kraft ntawm Lub Zog thiab Ib Cheeb Tsam Chaw Ua Haujlwm eNu:" Lub tsev pov tseg feem ntau pom tau tias yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov vaj tsev, vim nws rau cov tswv ntau qhov siab tshaj plaws. tau ntsib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm li cas los xij, hom kev nyob hauv tsev no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv, uas tseem tau xav txog cov nuj nqis ntawm kev txhim kho thiab qhov nce ntawm kev tsav tsheb. "
"Lub tsev txawb tsev feem ntau pom tau hais tias yog hom kev xav tsim nyog ntawm vaj tsev, vim nws tau ntsib cov tswv rau qhov ntau tshaj ntawm tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm li cas los xij, hom kev nyob hauv tsev no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv, uas tseem tau xav txog cov nuj nqis ntawm kev txhim kho thiab qhov nce ntawm cov tsheb khiav ntau ntxiv. "
Andrea Kraft, Zog thiab Chaw Ua Haujlwm Ib Cheeb Tsam eNu
Eco-ntsuas
Txhawm rau kev sib txawv heev, cov khoom siv hauv tsev kuj cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv. LCA thiab eco-ntsuas qhia cov ntaub ntawv. "Austria cov nyiaj pab them nqi vaj tsev thiab cov kev pabcuam ntsuam xyuas vaj tse feem ntau yog siv cov ntsuas kev ua ke Ökoindex 3 (OI3 qhov taw qhia). Yog li, kev thaj yeeb hauv tsev ib puag ncig tau pom lawv txoj hauv kev txheeb xyuas kev ntsuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Austrian kev tsim kho. Cov no tau anchored txij thaum pib nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Austrian lub tsev kev ntsuam xyuas tus qauv xws li klimaaktiv thiab ÖGNB (TQB). Hauv kev npaj thiab kev siv, kev txhim kho kev txhim kho ecological muaj peev xwm ua tiav, "piav qhia Bernhard Lipp los ntawm Austrian Institute for Building Biology thiab Construction Ecology IBO.
Lub zog grey: rwb thaiv tsev them rau nws tus kheej
Hauv qee qhov tshwj xeeb, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau "lub zog grey": tus nqi ntawm lub zog xav tau los tsim khoom, thauj khoom, khw muag khoom, muag thiab pov tseg ntawm ib yam khoom. Thaum nws hais txog kev ntsuas thev naus laus zis, yeej ib txwm muaj lus nug txog thaum twg lawv yuav them rau lawv tus kheej ecologically txog grey zog, uas yog, lawv tau txuag lub zog xav tau los tsim thiab pov tseg ntawm lawv.
"Qhov kev txo qis ntawm kev siv lub zog los ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev yog ob qho tib si ntawm thawj
lub zog noj thiab CO2 txuag nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lo lus pom zoo heev. "
Robert Lechner, Lub Tsev Kawm Austology Ecology ÖÖI
Robert Lechner los ntawm Austrian Institute of Ecology: "Lub zog thiab ecological amortization ntawm insulating cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qis zog zog feem ntau siv los ntawm ob peb lub hlis mus txog qhov siab kawg ntawm ob xyoos. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib npaug tseem ceeb, ib lub tsev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem txuag tau tsawg kawg yog 30 kWh ntawm cua sov rau ib square meter thiab xyoo piv nrog cov qauv tsev. Kev txo qis ntawm kev siv lub zog los ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev yog nyob rau hauv truest kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus pom zoo heev ob qho tib si kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev txuag CO2. "Raws li Astrid Scharnhorst los ntawm IBO," Cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov tsev txo cov cua sov uas xav tau rau lawv cov cua sov thiab cua txias. zog expenditure. Cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv insulating yog vim li ntawd muab cov ecologically nyob rau lub sijhawm luv heev. "
Rwb thaiv tsev: thim rov qab & cov pa phem
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau rov qab siv dua, los yog tsawg dua siv. Qhov no tseem yog qhov ua tau nrog polystyrene, thiab qee cov tuam txhab twb tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev daws teeb meem, piv txwv li siv cov tshuab milling, tab sis: Vim tias yav dhau los siv cov nplaim hluav taws kub HBCD, uas yog thaum kawg txwv thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm 2017, kev siv tam sim no tsis tau.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab "Dismantling, Kev Siv Rov Los thiab Kev Siv ETICS" los ntawm Fraunhofer lub koom haum rau Lub Tsev Physics thiab Lub Chaw Tshawb Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob FIW Munich hais tias: Qhov kev nyab xeeb kev faib tawm ntawm kev siv nplaim hluav taws xob qeeb HBCD cuam tshuam qhov rov ua dua tshiab. Hauv kev nkag siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv khib nyiab, yog li ntawd, "ob npaug" yog qhov kev pom zoo: cov hluav taws xob thermal uas twb muaj lawm tsis raug rhuav tshem, tab sis ntxiv dag zog los ntawm txheej ntxiv insulating txheej. Qhov kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm EPS phaj yog tam sim no tsuas yog siv zog rov ua tau, piv txwv li lub zog rov qab los ntawm kev sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hau kev rau cov khoom siv raw cov ntaub ntawv rov qab yog tsim nyog raws li kev daws teeb meem, tab sis lawv kim heev thiab kom deb li deb kev lag luam siv tsis tau. Qhov ntawd yuav tsum hloov tam sim no. Cov txheej txheem tsim CreaSolv, piv txwv li, rov qab ua kom cov ntshiab polymer polystyrene los ntawm nws cov kev solubility, uas tseem ua rau nws tuaj yeem cais HBCD thiab kom tau bromine los ntawm nws. Thawj lub pob zeb loj loj npaj hauv Holland. Cov khoom siv rov qab muaj peev xwm: nyob ib ncig ntawm 3.000 tons toj ib xyoos.Austria HBCD-dawb
Nws zoo siab tias nco ntsoov tias feem ntau Austrian EPS cov tuam txhab tau ua tiav qhov hloov mus rau lwm txoj nplaim hluav taws xob qeeb qeeb pFR nrog cov nyhuv los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 2015. Cov khoom lag luam EPS ntawm pawg tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv Polystyrol-Hartschaum (Hom Tshuaj Austrotherm, Austyrol, Bachl, Modrice, Röhrnbach, Brucha, EPS Industries, Flatz, Hirsch, Steinbacher, Swisspor) yog li yog HBCD-dawb. Ib daim ntawv tshaj qhia kev ntsuam xyuas tam sim no ntawm Tsoomfwv Lub Chaw Haujlwm ib puag ncig ntawm kaum kis qauv yog muaj rau cov neeg kho. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ib ncig ntawm 15 feem pua ntawm EPS daim hlau muaj nyob hauv Austria tau muab ntshuam. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev tshawb fawb ntev ntev txog qhov ua tiav ntawm pFR. Tib yam siv rau ntau yam sib xyaw ntawm lwm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev.Petroleum hauv rwb thaiv tsev
Txawm hais tias kev sib cav tias nws yuav nkim roj hauv kev tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev ua los ntawm polystyrene, nws tsis yog qhov tseeb: Txawm hais tias thermal rwb thaiv tsev lub cev xws li EPS cov paib yog cov khoom siv roj av, tab sis lawv muaj 98 feem pua ntawm huab cua thiab tsuas yog ob feem pua ntawm polystyrene. Kev siv cov roj hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev yog li ntawd them tawm, raws li ntau cov roj cua kub lossis nws qhov sib npaug tau txais kev cawmdim.
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