Nrog ntoo rau kev nyab xeeb neutrality? Kev xam phaj nrog Johannes Tintner-Olifiers

Cov hlau thiab cement yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob loj. Kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kwv yees li 11 feem pua ​​​​ntawm CO2 emissions thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov cement kev lag luam nyob ib ncig ntawm 8 feem pua. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov cov pob zeb muaj zog hauv kev tsim kho nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntau dua yog pom tseeb. Yog li ntawd, peb puas yuav tsum tsim nrog ntoo? Peb puas nkees ntawm qhov no? Puas yog ntoo tiag tiag CO2 nruab nrab? Los yog peb puas tuaj yeem khaws cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas cov hav zoov tshem tawm ntawm cov huab cua hauv cov tsev ntoo? Qhov ntawd puas yog qhov kev daws teeb meem rau tag nrho peb cov teeb meem? Los yog muaj kev txwv zoo li ntau yam kev daws teeb meem?

Martin Auer los ntawm SCIENTISTS FOR FUTURE tham txog qhov no nrog dr Johannes Tintner-Olifiers tuav los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau Physics thiab Materials Science ntawm University of Natural Resources thiab Applied Life Sciences hauv Vienna.

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFIERS: Nws yog qhov tseeb tias peb yuav tsum rov kho peb tus kheej thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov emissions uas cov cement kev lag luam thiab steel kev lag luam yog tam sim no tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug siab heev - nrog rau tag nrho cov kev hwm rau cov kev ntsuas uas cov cement kev lag luam yog coj los txo CO2 emissions. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm yuav ua li cas tsim cov cement nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb-nruab nrab thiab tseem yuav ua li cas los hloov cov binder cement nrog lwm cov binders. Kev ua haujlwm kuj tseem ua tiav ntawm kev sib cais thiab khi CO2 hauv lub chimney thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov cement. Koj tuaj yeem ua nws nrog lub zog txaus. Chemically, converting no CO2 rau hauv yas nrog hydrogen ua hauj lwm. Lo lus nug yog: koj ua li cas nrog nws?

Cov khoom siv hauv tsev cement tseem yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau yav tom ntej, tab sis nws yuav yog ib qho khoom kim heev vim nws siv zog ntau heev - txawm tias nws yog lub zog tauj dua tshiab. Los ntawm kev pom kev lag luam nkaus xwb, peb yuav tsis xav them nws. Tib yam siv rau cov hlau. Tsis muaj steel zeb loj tam sim no khiav tag nrho ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab, thiab peb tsis xav them qhov ntawd.

Peb xav tau cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas xav tau lub zog tsawg dua. Muaj tsis muaj ntau, tab sis yog tias peb saib rov qab los ntawm keeb kwm, qhov ntau yog paub: av nplaum, tsev ntoo, pob zeb. Cov no yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tuaj yeem mined thiab siv nrog lub zog me me. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, qhov ntawd yog qhov ua tau, tab sis kev lag luam ntoo tam sim no tsis yog CO2 nruab nrab. Kev sau ntoo, kev ua ntoo, kev lag luam ntoo ua haujlwm nrog lub zog fossil. Kev lag luam sawmill kuj tseem yog qhov txuas zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov saw hlau, vim tias ntau lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm lawv tus kheej ua ke nrog cov cua sov thiab cov fais fab nroj tsuag nrog cov khoom loj ntawm sawdust thiab tawv ntoo uas lawv tsim. Tag nrho cov khoom siv hluavtaws raws li cov ntaub ntawv fossil raw khoom siv hauv kev lag luam ntoo, piv txwv li gluing, . Muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv, tab sis qhov ntawd yog qhov xwm txheej tam sim no.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm cov ntoo yog qhov zoo dua li cov pob zeb muaj zog. Rotary kilns rau cement ntau lawm qee zaum hlawv roj hnyav. Kev lag luam cement ua rau 2 feem pua ​​​​ntawm CO8 emissions thoob ntiaj teb. Tab sis cov roj tsuas yog ib qho xwb. Qhov thib ob yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Limestone yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov calcium, carbon thiab oxygen. Thaum hloov mus rau cement clinker ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (kwv yees li 2 ° C), cov pa roj carbon monoxide tso tawm raws li CO1.450.

MARTIN AUER: Ntau ntau tau xav txog yuav ua li cas rho tawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide los ntawm huab cua thiab khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev. Puas yog ntoo ua khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem yog lub khw?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFIERS: Raws li hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev suav yog qhov tseeb: Yog tias koj nqa ntoo los ntawm hav zoov, tswj thaj chaw no kom ruaj khov, hav zoov rov muaj dua nyob rau ntawd, thiab ntoo tsis raug hlawv tab sis ua tiav hauv tsev, ces cov ntoo khaws cia rau ntawd thiab qhov ntawd. CO2 tsis nyob hauv huab cua. Txog tam sim no, yog lawm. Peb paub tias cov qauv ntoo tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev. Hauv Nyij Pooj muaj cov ntoo nto moo heev uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 1000 xyoo. Peb tuaj yeem kawm tau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg los ntawm keeb kwm ib puag ncig.

Sab laug: Hōryū-ji, “Lub Tuam Tsev Qhia Kev Qhia hauj sam' hauv Ikaruga, Nyiv. Raws li kev soj ntsuam dendrochronological, ntoo ntawm lub hauv paus kem tau poob rau hauv 594.
Yees duab: 663 loj ntawm Wikimedia
Txoj Cai: Lub Koom Txoos Stave hauv Urnes, Norway, ua rau xyoo 12th thiab 13th.
Yees duab: Michael L. Rieser ntawm Wikimedia

Tib neeg tau siv ntoo ntau dua li peb niaj hnub no. Ib qho piv txwv: thaj tsam technically muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv tsob ntoo yog cov ceg txuas. Nws yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg tshwj xeeb kom cov ceg tsis tawg. Tab sis peb tsis siv hnub no. Peb nqa cov ntoo mus rau sawdust thiab txiav tawm ntawm ceg. Rau kev tsim cov nkoj nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thaum ntxov, kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb tau tsim rau cov ntoo nrog txoj cai curvature. Qee lub sij hawm dhau los kuv muaj ib txoj haujlwm hais txog cov khoom siv tshuaj los ntawm cov ntoo thuv dub, "Pechen". Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav tau ib tug kws ntaus hlau uas tuaj yeem ua cov cuab yeej tsim nyog - adze. Tus pecher ua tus kov nws tus kheej thiab nrhiav ib lub hav txwv yeem dogwood. Tom qab ntawd nws muaj cov cuab yeej no rau tag nrho nws lub neej. Sawmills txheej txheem ntau kawg ntawm plaub mus rau tsib hom ntoo, qee qhov tshwj xeeb hauv ib hom, feem ntau larch lossis spruce. Txhawm rau siv cov ntoo zoo dua thiab ntse dua, kev lag luam ntoo yuav tsum tau ua ntau yam txuj ci, siv tib neeg kev ua haujlwm thiab tib neeg kev paub thiab tsim cov khoom tsim tawm tsawg dua. Tau kawg, tsim ib qho adze kov raws li ib-tawm yuav yog kev lag luam teeb meem. Tab sis technically, xws li cov khoom yog superior.

Sab laug: Reconstruction ntawm Neolithic scoring plow uas siv kom zoo dua ntawm lub ntuj forking ntawm ntoo.
Yees duab: Wolfgang huv ntawm Wikimedia
Yog: adz
Yees duab: Razbak ntawm Wikimedia

MARTIN AUER: Yog li ntoo tsis ruaj khov li ib txwm xav?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFIERS: Lub EU Commission tsis ntev los no tau faib cov kev lag luam ntoo hauv ntau thiab ruaj khov. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev thuam ntau, vim tias kev siv ntoo tsuas yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg yog tias nws tsis txo tag nrho cov hav zoov. Kev siv hav zoov hauv Austria tam sim no muaj kev ruaj ntseg, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog vim peb tsis xav tau cov peev txheej no tsuav yog peb ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv fossil raw khoom. Peb kuj outsource deforestation nyob rau hauv ib feem vim peb ntshuam pub thiab nqaij rau tej hav zoov yog cleared lwm qhov. Peb kuj import charcoal rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm Brazil los yog Namibia.

MARTIN AUER: Peb puas yuav muaj ntoo txaus los hloov kev lag luam kev tsim kho?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFIERS: Feem ntau, peb txoj kev tsim kho kev lag luam yog loj heev. Peb tsim ntau dhau thiab rov siv dua tsawg dhau. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev tsis yog tsim los rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Yog tias peb xav hloov cov nqi tam sim no ntawm cov hlau thiab pob zeb nrog ntoo, peb yuav tsis muaj txaus rau nws. Ib qho teeb meem loj yog cov qauv niaj hnub no muaj lub neej luv luv. Feem ntau cov pob zeb ua vaj tse raug rhuav tshem tom qab 30 txog 40 xyoo. Qhov no yog pov tseg ntawm cov peev txheej uas peb tsis tuaj yeem them taus. Thiab tsuav yog peb tsis tau daws qhov teeb meem no, nws yuav tsis pab hloov cov pob zeb uas muaj zog ntxiv nrog ntoo.

Yog tias, tib lub sijhawm, peb xav siv biomass ntau ntxiv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab muab rov qab biomass ntau dua li cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab ntau thaj av rau kev ua liaj ua teb - qhov no tsuas yog ua tsis tau. Thiab yog tias ntoo tau tshaj tawm tias CO2-tsis nruab nrab hauv ntau, ces muaj kev pheej hmoo tias peb cov hav zoov yuav raug poob. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav loj hlob rov qab hauv 50 lossis 100 xyoo, tab sis ob peb xyoos tom ntej no yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv huab cua ntau npaum li kev noj cov khoom siv fossil. Thiab txawm hais tias ntoo tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev rau lub sijhawm ntev, ib feem loj yog incinerated li sawing pov tseg. Muaj ntau ntau cov kauj ruam ua thiab thaum kawg tsuas yog ib feem tsib ntawm cov ntoo tiag tiag ntsia.

MARTIN AUER: Koj tuaj yeem tsim nrog ntoo siab npaum li cas?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFIERS: Lub tsev siab siab nrog 10 mus rau 15 plag tsev tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov ntoo siv ntoo, tsis yog txhua qhov ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nqa tau tib yam li cov pob zeb uas muaj zog. Av nplaum tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim sab hauv tshwj xeeb. Zoo ib yam li pob zeb, av nplaum tuaj yeem sau rau hauv formwork thiab tamped. Tsis zoo li bricks, rammed ntiaj teb tsis tas yuav tsum tau rhuab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tuaj yeem muab rho tawm hauv zos, av nplaum muaj qhov sib npaug CO2 zoo heev. Muaj twb muaj tuam txhab uas muag tsim prefabricated qhov chaw ua los ntawm av nplaum, straw thiab ntoo. Qhov no yeej yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau yav tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tseem yog peb tsuas yog tsim ntau dhau. Peb yuav tsum xav ntau ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas peb kho cov khoom qub. Tab sis ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, cov lus nug ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

Rammed lub ntiaj teb phab ntsa hauv kev tsim kho sab hauv
Yees duab: sau tsis paub

MARTIN AUER: Dab tsi yuav yog txoj kev npaj rau lub nroog loj xws li Vienna?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFIERS: Thaum nws los txog rau ntau lub tsev nyob hauv tsev, tsis muaj laj thawj tsis siv ntoo lossis ntoo- av nplaum. Qhov no yog tam sim no ib lo lus nug ntawm tus nqi, tab sis yog hais tias peb nqi nyob rau hauv CO2 emissions, ces cov nyiaj txiag qhov tseeb hloov. Reinforced qhob yog cov khoom kim heev. Peb yuav xav tau nws vim, piv txwv li, koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub qhov av lossis lub pas dej da dej uas siv ntoo. Reinforced pob zeb rau peb-rau tsib-storey vaj tse nyob yog ib qho khoom kim heev uas peb tsis tuaj yeem them taus.

Txawm li cas los xij: hav zoov tseem tab tom loj hlob, tab sis kev loj hlob zuj zus zuj zus, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag ntxov ntxov nce ntxiv, muaj kab tsuag ntau dua. Txawm tias peb tsis noj dab tsi los, peb tsis tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias hav zoov yuav tsis tuag rov qab. Lub ntiaj teb ua kom sov ntau dua, qhov tsawg dua CO2 hav zoov tuaj yeem nqus tau, piv txwv li qhov tsawg nws tuaj yeem ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm xav tau ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua qeeb. Qhov no txo ​​qhov peev xwm ntawm kev siv ntoo ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntxiv. Tab sis yog tias txoj kev sib raug zoo yog, ces ntoo tuaj yeem yog ib qho khoom siv ruaj khov heev uas kuj ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm huab cua nruab nrab.

Daim duab npog: Martin Auer, ntau-storey tsev tsev nyob hauv cov khoom siv ntoo hauv Vienna Meidling