Kev nyab xeeb qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog Ukraine: ntau emissions li lub Netherlands

Kev tsov rog hauv Ukraine ua rau kwv yees li 100 lab tons ntawm CO2e hauv thawj xya lub hlis. Qhov ntawd yog ntau npaum li, piv txwv li, lub Netherlands tawm hauv tib lub sijhawm. Ukrainian Ministry ntawm Ib puag ncig tau nthuav tawm cov duab no ntawm ib sab kev tshwm sim rau COP27 kev sib ntsib huab cua hauv Sharm el Sheik1. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pib los ntawm Dutch huab cua thiab lub zog project kws tshaj lij Lennard de Klerk, uas tau nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Ukraine tau ntev. Nws tsim kev nyab xeeb thiab lub zog ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam hnyav nyob ntawd, nrog rau hauv Bulgaria thiab Russia. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab kev sab laj thoob ntiaj teb rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua thiab hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab thiab ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Ukrainian Ministry of Environment tau koom tes rau txoj kev tshawb no.2.

Cov pa hluav taws xob vim yog kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, kev ua phem, hluav taws kub thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse ntawm pej xeem tau raug tshuaj xyuas.

Davhlau: 1,4 lab tons ntawm CO2e

Txoj kev tshawb no thawj zaug tshuaj xyuas lub davhlau txav los ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg khiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw ua tsov rog mus rau sab hnub poob Ukraine yog kwv yees li ntawm 6,2 lab, thiab cov neeg khiav tawm txawv teb chaws ntawm 7,7 lab. Raws li qhov chaw ntawm kev tawm mus thiab qhov chaw, txoj kev thauj khoom siv tau kwv yees: tsheb, tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb npav, luv luv thiab ntev-ntev flights. Kwv yees li 40 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg tawg rog tau rov qab mus rau lawv cov nroog tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tus nqi ntawm cov tsheb emissions los ntawm lub davhlau yog kwv yees li ntawm 1,4 lab tons ntawm CO2e.

Kev ua tub rog: 8,9 lab tons ntawm CO2e

Fossil fuels yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tub rog. Lawv yog siv rau lub tank thiab armored tsheb, dav hlau, thauj mus rau mos txwv, tub rog, zaub mov thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Tab sis cov tsheb thauj neeg pej xeem xws li tsheb cawm thiab hluav taws, tsheb thauj neeg khiav tawm, thiab lwm yam kuj tseem siv roj. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no nyuaj kom tau txais txawm tias nyob hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, cia nyob ib leeg hauv kev ua tsov ua rog. Kev noj ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias tau kwv yees li ntawm 1,5 lab tons raws li pom cov roj thauj mus rau thaj tsam ua tsov rog. Cov kws sau ntawv suav qhov noj ntawm Ukrainian pab tub rog ntawm 0,5 lab tons. Lawv piav qhia qhov txawv los ntawm kev hais tias cov tub rog Ukrainian muaj cov kev xa khoom luv dua li cov neeg tawm tsam thiab lawv feem ntau siv cov cuab yeej sib zog thiab tsheb. Tag nrho ntawm 2 lab tons ntawm roj ua rau emissions ntawm 6,37 lab tons ntawm CO2e.

Kev siv cov mos txwv kuj ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ntau heev: thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, thaum thauj, thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob kub hnyiab thaum nws raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab thaum lub projectile tawg ntawm qhov cuam tshuam. Kev kwv yees ntawm kev siv phom phom phom sib txawv ntawm 5.000 thiab 60.000 ib hnub. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov emissions yog los ntawm kev tsim cov projectiles (steel tsho thiab explosives). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, emissions los ntawm munitions yog kwv yees li ntawm 1,2 lab tonnes ntawm CO2e.

Hluav taws kub: 23,8 lab tons ntawm CO2e

Cov ntaub ntawv satellite qhia tias muaj hluav taws ntau npaum li cas - tshwm sim los ntawm kev foob pob, foob pob thiab mines - tau nce hauv thaj chaw ua tsov rog piv rau xyoo dhau los: tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws kub nrog thaj tsam ntau dua 1 ha tau nce 122-fold, thaj tsam cuam tshuam 38 - quav. Cov hluav taws kub hav zoov suav rau feem ntau ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob los ntawm hluav taws hauv thawj xya lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog suav txog 23,8 lab tons ntawm CO2e.

Reconstruction: 48,7 lab tons ntawm CO2e

Feem ntau ntawm cov emissions tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog yuav los ntawm rebuilding lub puas lawm civil infrastructure. Qee qhov no twb tau tshwm sim thaum tsov rog, tab sis feem ntau ntawm kev tsim kho dua tshiab yuav tsis pib txog thaum tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua tau xaus. Txij thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov tub ceev xwm Ukrainian tau sau txog kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev ua phem. Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm ntau lub tuam tsev tau ua tiav rau hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Kyiv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam hauv kev koom tes nrog pab pawg kws tshaj lij los ntawm World Bank.

Feem ntau ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog nyob rau hauv vaj tse sector (58%). Raws li lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 2022, 6.153 lub nroog raug rhuav tshem thiab 9.490 puas. 65.847 lub tsev ntiag tug raug rhuav tshem thiab 54.069 puas. Kev tsim kho dua tshiab yuav suav nrog qhov tseeb tshiab: vim cov pej xeem poob qis, tsis yog txhua lub tsev nyob yuav rov qab los. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov chav tsev nyob hauv Soviet era yog me me heev los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no. Cov chav tsev tshiab tej zaum yuav loj dua. Tam sim no lub tsev xyaum nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab Central Europe tau siv los xam cov emissions. Kev tsim cov cement thiab cib yog ib qho thiab cib yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm CO2 emissions Tshiab, tsawg carbon intensive cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev yuav zoo li muaj, tab sis vim yog qhov kev puas tsuaj, ntau ntawm kev tsim kho yuav ua tiav siv txoj kev tam sim no. Cov emissions los ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse nyob yog kwv yees li ntawm 2 lab tons ntawm CO28,4e, kev tsim kho ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem infrastructure - tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, kab lis kev cai thiab kev ua si chaw, kev cai dab qhuas vaj tse, industrial nroj tsuag, khw, tsheb - ntawm 2 lab tons.

Methane los ntawm Nord Stream 1 thiab 2: 14,6 lab tons CO2e

Cov kws sau ntawv kuj suav cov methane uas tau khiav tawm thaum Nord Stream Pipelines raug kev puas tsuaj raws li emissions los ntawm cov neeg tawg rog txav, kev sib ntaus sib tua, hluav taws kub thiab kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Txawm hais tias nws tsis paub tias leej twg ua tawm qhov kev puas tsuaj, nws zoo li qhov tseeb tias nws tau txuas nrog kev ua tsov rog Ukraine. Kev khiav tawm methane sib raug rau 14,6 lab tons ntawm CO2e.

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Cover photo by Lus Johns rau Pixabay

1 https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=U2VUG9IVUZUOLJ3GOC6PKKERKXUO3DYJ , saib ntxiv: https://climateonline.net/2022/11/04/ukraine-cop27/

2 Klerk, Lennard de; Shmurak, Anatolii; Gassan-Zade, Olga; Shlapak, Mykola; Tomolyak, Kyryl; Korthuis, Adriaan (2022): Kev nyab xeeb kev puas tsuaj los ntawm Russia tsov rog nyob rau hauv Ukraine: Ministry of Environmental Protection thiab Natural Resources ntawm Ukraine. Hauv online: https://climatefocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ClimateDamageinUkraine.pdf