Helmut Melzer
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kālā Shadow: Lilo nā ʻāina ākea ma kahi o $ 427 biliona o nā ʻauhau i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma o ka hōʻino ʻauhau ʻoihana kōlepa a me ka pale ʻauhau pilikino. Hoʻolilo kēia i nā ʻāina i kahi huina o 34 miliona mau kahu maʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki - a i ʻole ka uku o kahi kahu i kēlā me kēia kekona.
ʻO ka 2020 Shadow Financial Index o ka ʻOihana Pūnaewele Hoʻolālā hōʻike i nā mokuʻāina e ʻumeʻume i ke kahe kālā a me nā kānāwai kolohe ʻole ma o ka hūnā. Papa inoa ka papa kuhikuhi i nā ʻāina he 133 a hoʻohui i ke kēkelē o ka hūnā ʻana me ka nui o ke kikowaena kālā.
No ka manawa mua mai ka wā i haku ʻia ai ka papa kuhikuhi, ʻaʻole ʻo Switzerland i ka wahi mua. Alakaʻi ʻia ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe e nā mokupuni ʻo Cayman, a ukali ʻia e USA. Aia ʻo Kuikilana i ka wahi 3. Ma waho aʻe o nā kikowaena kālā e kū nei ʻo Hong Kong a me Singapore (4th a me 5th), ʻo Luxembourg a me Nūlani kekahi mau ʻāina ʻelua o EU ma ka 10 kiʻekiʻe o ka helu kuhikuhi (6 a me 8th wahi). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Austria ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2018 a aia ʻo ia i ke kolu o ka ʻino maikaʻi ma kahi 36th.
Hoʻonui iki i ka transparency
Ma nā mea āpau, ua hōʻemi iki ka papa kuhikuhi helu i ka transparency i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kālā o ka honua - ma mua o nā mea āpau e komo nui nei i ka hoʻololi kūkaʻina o ka ʻike ma waena o nā luna ʻauhau. Akā keu aku nei nā kikowaena kālā Anglo-ʻAmelika e like me nā mokupuni ʻo Cayman, ʻo USA a me Pelekane Nui e kūʻē nei i kēia ʻano kūwaho.
Ua loaʻa iki ka holomua ma ka pae honua e pili ana i ka transparency ʻauhau ʻoihana. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana e hoʻolaha manawaleʻa nei i kā lākou ʻikepili auhau a me ka loaʻa kālā, ʻaʻohe nō koi koi ma ka EU.
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