He kuleana no nā holoholona

I ke kuleana no nā holoholona? Ma hope o ke koho balota ʻana ma lalo o Lower Austria, ua wehewehe pono ka FPÖ a me ke Aupuni i ka mea nui i ka hui kalapu: ʻoi ka palekana, ke olakino, holoholona e pono, ʻO kekahi o ka agendas o ka FPÖ Landrat Gottfried Waldhäusl kahi o ka mālama holoholona. I ʻelua mau lā ma hope iho o ka hoʻi ʻana, ua koi ka ʻaha mokuʻāina me kahi nūpepa nūpepa: "ʻO ka maʻi otter e hoʻomau mau ʻia". ʻO ka mea i hoʻolaha ʻia no ka ʻaha kūkā o ke kōkana ʻo ÖVP Stephan Pernkopf, ma o ka manaʻo hoʻoholo e ʻae ʻia ka "lawe ʻia" (ʻo ia nō ka make) o 40 mālama iā Fischottern i kahi manawa pōkole, aia i ka manaʻo o kāna mau hoa FPÖ ʻaʻole i hele nui loa. ʻO ka pale i ka otter he "aloha maopopo ʻole i nā holoholona".

I waenakonu o ʻApelila 2018 ʻikea ʻo Gottfried Waldhäusl ma ke ʻimi huluhulu o ka moku ma Zwettl. ʻO Hunterhälel ka mea hoʻokele moku'āina i ʻōlelo ʻia i ʻōlelo ʻia ma laila, "ʻaʻole i nalowale ka Wolf ma kahi ʻano moʻomeheu e like me ʻEulopa," ua pono paha ʻo Waldhäusl: "No ke aha ke kōkua o ka holoholona wale nō no ka wolf?".
ʻElua hoʻohālike o ka hoʻohālikelike o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ia he pōmaikaʻi holoholona i loko o ka politika a me ka ʻoihana.

ʻAʻohe kaulike ʻole

ʻAʻole pinepine, pili kēia i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio. Kū pinepine ʻo ia i kahi mea e pili ana i nā makemake waiwai, (manaʻo ʻole a maoli paha hoʻokūkū) mai nā holoholona hihiu a i ʻole ka leʻaleʻa a nā lawaiʻa a me nā lawaiʻa. Mai Pythagoras a Galileo Galilei, René Descartes, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant a me Arthur Schopenhauer, aia mau nā mea noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala kanaka ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia nā holoholona, ​​ʻo nā kānaka ka mea kūlohelohe a wale nō ma ka ʻōlelo a me ke kumu ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā holoholona.

ʻO ke ola holoholona ʻoi ka mea e hoʻolako i nā holoholona i ola i kūpono i kā lākou mau ʻano a ʻaʻole ia i ʻeha iā lākou, ka makaʻu ʻole a hoʻopau ʻia ʻole paha. Me ka ʻoihana hana a me ka ʻoihana o ka ʻoihana a me nā holoholona, ​​ua nui ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona. Loaʻa ma 19. No laila, puka mai ʻo Tierschutzbewegungen i nā kenekulia 19. ʻO 1822 ka kānāwai mālama holoholona holoholona mua ma ʻEnelani.

Eia naʻe, mai waena o 20. I nā makahiki he iwakāluakūi, ua hānai ʻia nā holoholona i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻiʻo, ka waiū a me nā hua, i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā wahi i hoʻoluhi ʻia, pepehi ʻia i loko o nā mahi kālai ʻia, pana ʻia i loko o ka wahi a i hoʻowalewale no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻoneʻe a me nā mea kūlohelohe, a me kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ʻole ʻole.

ʻO nā mea kūleʻa holoholona e nā mea hana pono holoholona

Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loaʻa ka holomua o ka mālama holoholona: nā kānaka ʻepekema hoʻowahāwahā e like me Konrad Lorenz me kāna mau greese hina, ʻO Jane Goodall me kā lākou mau chimpanze, ko ka mea noiʻi moa moa Pelekane ʻo Christine Nicol a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui ʻē aʻe iā mākou me ka naʻauao a me ka ʻano o nā holoholona a hoʻololi i ko mākou ʻano. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o Nicol e pili ana i nā pono o nā moa i nā makahiki 1980, no ka laʻana, ua hewa ʻole ia no nā pā e e ana i ka euthanasia i pāpā ʻia i ka EU mai 2012, me nā "cages" hou ʻia i ʻae ʻia me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole pololei ia i ka ʻano.

No nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, loaʻa pū kekahi mau hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā lula a i ʻole ke pale aku i ka ʻeha ma EU a me Austria. No ka laʻana, ʻoiai 2012, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka pipi e hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia, a ʻoliʻuku ʻia nā puaʻa paha e ke ʻili a 2017 e like me ka mea a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha mai ʻOkakopa.
Ma o ka hana o nā ʻoihana holoholona holoholona a me nā mea hana hoʻomohala, ua ʻike ʻia ka lehulehu i nā kūlana i ka mahi ʻana i ka hulu manu, nā ʻano o nā pepehi kanaka, ka pepehi ʻana i nā moa kāne i ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā kīhāpai hen, a i nā hana ʻino o ka nui kīwaha pōpilikia holoholona. Ma ka ʻāpana, loaʻa nā hoʻoponopono kūloko, nā loli kūlike (e like me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o nā moa a me nā puʻukū i nā hua manu ʻole a Toni. Eia nō naʻe, lawe ʻia aku ka holoholona ma waena o ʻEulopa, me ka pāpā ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea holoholona holoholona, ​​i ukali i ka wā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ʻelua mau keiki bipi mai Vorarlberg.

ʻO ka mea hana holoholona holoholona Belgian-Amerikake Henry Spira ua kū i ka makahiki 1970, me ka ʻimi koʻikoʻi e huki i ka nānā i ke kaumaha o nā kālai, nā mea ma ka "Draize hoʻokolohua"Ua hāʻule nā ​​wahi i makaʻi i nā maka. No laila hele mai ʻo 1980 i nā kūʻē nui e kūʻē i ka hui kūila ʻo Revlon. Ma lalo o kēia ke kaumaha, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā papahana noiʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hōʻike hoʻāʻo no nā holoholona.

Ua hōʻea ʻo Henry Spira e pili ana i nā kuleana o nā holoholona ma o nā paʻi a nā mea aʻo e ka hui kula University o Oxford a me ke kākuhi ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo Peter Singer ("Animal Liberation" 1975). ʻAʻole hele ka mamao o nā mea hakakā holoholona. ʻAʻole pono mākou e waiho wale i nā holoholona hilahila pono ʻole a mālama iā lākou i ke kanaka, akā e hāʻawi iā lākou i nā pono kūlohelohe ponoi, e like me ka poʻe iā lākou.

Mai ka mea hiki i ka holoholona kūpono

Ma ke kānāwai Roma, ua manaʻo ʻia nā holoholona - i ke kū ʻole i ka mea i kanaka. ʻO Switzerland wale nō ke aupuni i ka honua e ʻike i ka hanohano i kāna kumukānāwai. Mai ka hoʻololi i ke Kānāwai ʻĀina o ʻOkakopa 2002, ʻaʻole nā ​​holoholona. Mai 2007 a hiki i 2010, ke canton o Zurich i loaʻa i ka ʻoni kūʻokoʻa honua nui loa o ka loio holoholona i loko o ka ʻaha kānāwai i hana ʻia e ka loio ʻo Antoine Goetschel. Ma muli o ke koho ākea holoʻokoʻa o Switzerland ua hoʻopau hou ʻia kēia keʻena.

I Netherlands, ua lawe ʻo 2006 i ka "Party Party no nā holoholona" (Partij voor de Dieren) i ka Hale Paʻi no ka manawa mua, a i kēia manawa aia nā hanana i nā aupuni ʻē aʻe. Ma US, loio ʻo Steven Wise o ka Polokika Kuhi Pūnaewele No ka hana ʻana i ka hōʻoia ʻana e ʻike ʻia nā chimpanzees i mau kanaka a loaʻa i nā kuleana ke "habeas corpus". Ma Buenos Aires, ua kū mua ka 2014 i kahi wahine orangutan.

Akā i hea mākou e huki ai i ka laina? Loaʻa anei nā chimpanzee i nā kuleana ma mua o ka moa a loaʻa kēia pono i nā kuleana ma mua o kahi wuni honua? A no ke aha mākou e hōʻoia ai i kēlā? Ua hopohopo nā poʻe paikua he nui i kēia mau nīnau. "ʻAneʻae" e like me ke loio o US a me kākau manaʻo ʻo Gary Francione hōʻole i ka "mālama ola holoholona". Manaʻo ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā holoholona kīhai nā kānaka he pilikia. No nā pono holoholona, ​​kūpono wale ke ʻano o ka ʻike pono, me ka mea hilinaʻi kūʻokoʻa a me ka makemake i ka ola ponoʻī o kekahi e holo mua lima.
Hiki i ka mea makemake i ke ola ponoʻī ke hāpai ʻia e nā mea kanu. No laila ʻaʻole he mea kupanaha aia nā kūkākūkā kūʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka kuleana o nā mea kanu.

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