Alexandra Binder
wani Dokar Sarkar Kayada ke hukunta take hakkin dan adam da lalata muhalli da kamfanoni ke yi? Ba a gani kuma. Diyya a gaban kotunan Turai? Tunani mai niyya ya kasance muddin ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci ke aiki a ƙarƙashin faɗin haɗin gwiwa don ɓata ƙa'idodin da aka tsara.
Ciwon daji, tari, rashin haihuwa. Mazaunan Arica na Chile suna fama da wannan. Tun lokacin da kamfanin ƙarfe na Sweden Boliden ya tura tan 20.000 na guba mai guba a can kuma ya biya wani kamfani na gida don gudanar da aikin na ƙarshe. Kamfanin ya tafi fatara. Arsenic daga sharar gida ya kasance. Mutanen Arica sun koka. Kuma a kashe a gaban kotun Sweden. Sau biyu - duk da sukar da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi.
Al'amarin da ya keɓe? Abin takaici, a'a. Alejandro García da Esteban Christopher Patz daga Hadin gwiwar Turai don Adalcin Kamfanoni (ECCJ) yanzu sun bincika shari'o'i 22 na shari'ar farar hula kan kamfanonin EU don haƙƙin ɗan adam da keta muhalli a ƙasashen waje a cikin binciken su "Goliath ya koka". Biyu ne kawai daga cikin masu gabatar da kara 22 da aka yanke hukunci a hukumance - mazaunan Arica ba su cikin su. Ba a ba da mai ƙarar guda ɗaya diyya ba.
Me ya sa haka yake? Garcia ya ce "galibi ana shari'un shari'ar a karkashin dokar kasar da barnar ta faru ba a karkashin dokar hedkwatar iyaye ko kamfani ba," in ji Garcia. Ba zato ba tsammani, yawancin mutane ana cutar da su - ba tare da la'akari da rushewar masana'anta ba ko gurɓataccen kogi. "Duk da haka, tsarin shari'ar ƙasa ba koyaushe yana ba da damar yawan masu shigar da kara su ba da haɗin kai don yin iƙirarin lahani." Kuma a ƙarshe, akwai lokacin ƙarshe. "Wani lokacin kuna buƙatar shekara ɗaya kawai don tabbatar da da'awa daga ayyukan azaba." A bayyane yake cewa kamfanoni ba sa sha'awar amincewa da wuri na dokar sarkar wadata a matakin EU.
Dokar Sarkar Abinci vs. Lobbies: Haɗin kai azaman dabara
Rachel Tansey, wacce ta bayyana dabarun 'yan lobbyists a cikin batun dokar sarkar samar da kayayyaki a cikin binciken ECCJ "Kyau". A zahiri, babu ƙarancin ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci waɗanda ke aiki a hankali kuma suna tallafawa aikin doka na kulawa. Wannan ya haɗa da AIM, alal misali, wanda a cikin 2019 ya kashe Yuro 400.000 akan lobbying a cikin EU.
AIM, wanda Coca-Cola, Danone, Mars, Mondelez, Nestlé, Nike da Unilever membobi ne, suna ba da shawarar kayan aikin siyasa waɗanda ke ƙarfafa kamfanoni su mutunta haƙƙin ɗan adam. Hakanan mutum yana son ganin alhakin girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam "a waje da ikon abin doka". Idan an haɗa shi, AIM yana ba da shawarar iyakance su zuwa "manyan take hakkin ɗan adam". Tansey ya ce, “Dokar da aka fi so na AIM ba za ta tuhumi membobinta na take hakkin dan adam ba. Idan ba za a iya kawar da abin alhaki ba, duk da haka, mafi kyawun zaɓi na gaba ba zai kai ga sarkar darajar kamfanin ba. ”Ko don amfani da kalmomin ƙungiyar koko da ba a musantawa ba:“ Dole ne a ba kamfanoni damar bayyana haɗarin cikin sarkar samar da su ba tare da dole ba. damuwa game da karuwar haɗarin abin alhaki. "
Lobbies: Ayyukan son rai a matsayin murfin
Sannan akwai ƙungiyoyin zauren kasuwanci kamar CSR Turai. Manufar su, duk da haka, ita ce amfani da ƙungiyoyin alhakin zamantakewa na son rai a matsayin abin rufewa. Yawancin membobinta ba baƙon abu bane ga haƙƙin ɗan adam da abin kunya na muhalli lokacin da kuke tunanin VW - abin kunya mai ƙarewa, in ji Tansey. A zahiri, tun farkon Disamba 2020, ƙungiyar zauren ta ayyana buƙatar "haɗa aikin da kamfanoni suka riga suka yi." Bugu da ƙari, an jaddada mahimmancin "haɓaka ƙa'idodi 'daga ƙasa" kuma ra'ayi shine "cewa Kwamitin yana buƙatar dogaro da masana'antu. Babu daidaitaccen daidaitaccen tsari ". Ƙungiyar ta kuma bayyana a sarari abin da CSR Turai ke tunani a zahiri idan aka zo ga sarkar samar da kayayyaki: "Tallafa wa abubuwan ƙarfafawa" ga kamfanoni da sabbin tattaunawar masana'antar Turai da ƙawance. A ƙarshe, an yi imanin cewa nasara "za ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin masu zaman kansu na Turai."
Daidai yanayi ga kowa da kowa?
Ƙungiyoyin zaɓe na ƙasashen da tuni akwai dokar sarkar samar da kayayyaki a halin yanzu ba sa aiki. Na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci, waɗannan sune Faransanci. A can dole ne ku magance tambayar ko dokar EU mai zuwa ta dace da ta ƙasa ko akasin haka. Ga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar faransawa ta AFEP, a bayyane take: daidaitawa, eh, amma ana alakanta shi, don Allah a murkushe dokar ta. "Gaskiya ne," in ji Tansey: "A cikin Brussels, harabar manyan kamfanonin Faransa suna aiki don lalata ƙaƙƙarfan shawarar majalisar Turai kuma tana matsawa don samar da wadatattun kayan abinci fiye da na Faransa." Gaskiyar cewa kamfani Total yana kan hukumar AFEP ba ya zama kamar hadari. Af, aikin lobbying na AFEP yana kashe kuɗi da yawa: bisa ga bayanin kansa, yana kashe Yuro miliyan 1,25 a shekara.
Rarraba abubuwan lobbies
Ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Dutch VNO-NCW da ƙungiyoyin kasuwancin Jamus a ƙarshe sun tabbatar da yadda ɓatarwa zata iya aiki. Na farko ya yi magana a gida cewa dokar sarkar samar da kayayyaki za ta kasance mai fa'ida ne kawai a matakin EU, amma ba na ƙasa ba. A Brussels, duk da haka, an bayyana aikin a matsayin "mara amfani" da "draconian."
A halin yanzu, takwarorin na Jamus sun sami nasarar raunana dokar sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta ƙasa. Yanzu haka suna kokarin yin haka a Brussels. Dangane da duk waɗannan dabarun, akwai bege guda ɗaya kawai da Tansey ya tsara a hankali: "Cewa shugabannin siyasa ba su faɗa cikin tarkon gano madaidaiciyar tsaka -tsaki tsakanin birki da alama 'kamfanoni masu haɓakawa'."
INFO: Dabarun yanzu na harabar kasuwanci
Buƙatar ƙa'idodin 'pragmatic' da 'aikatawa'
An mai da hankali kan "abubuwan ƙarfafawa" don kamfanoni su yi abin da ya dace da nufin guje wa duk wani abin alhaki, wato, mummunan sakamako ga kamfanonin da ke da hannu cikin take hakkin ɗan adam. An tattara komai a cikin kalmomi masu sauti kamar: damuwa game da "haɗarin haɗarin ƙara", "zarge -zarge marasa ma'ana" da "rashin tabbas na doka". Bayan wannan shine sha'awar iyakance nauyin kulawa ga masu samar da kayayyaki kai tsaye ga kamfanin, watau matakin farko a sarkar darajar duniya. Yawancin lalacewar ba ta faɗo a wurin ba. Da'awar doka na mafi raunin zai ƙare.
Turawa don matakan CSR na son rai
Sau da yawa waɗannan sun riga sun kasance - waɗanda masana'antun ke aiwatarwa, gaba ɗaya basu da inganci kuma suna sa ƙaddamar da doka ta zama dole tun farko.
Daidaita filin wasa
A karkashin taken "filin wasa matakin", masu fafutukar kasuwanci na Faransa - Faransa tuni tana da dokar sarkar samar da kayayyaki - a halin yanzu suna matsa lamba don kusan kimar dokar EU a ƙasa da matakin nata.
Yaudara
A cikin Jamus da Netherlands, ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci suna adawa da shawarwarin su na doka kuma suna ba da shawarar mafita na EU. A matakin EU, sannan suna ƙoƙarin raunana da lalata wannan daftarin.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
