Inarfafa ayyukan motsi na muhalli

Zanga-zangar mafi girma ta yanayi a tarihi ta bazu a duniya. Wasu kuma suna ganin menene dimokiradiyya ga wasu a matsayin barazana ga tsaron kasa.

Abin da ya faru a titunan kusan duk duniya tun daga yajin aikin duniya na 1 a cikin 2019 kamar girgizar ƙasa ce ta duniya. A cikin kimanin ƙasashe 150, tsakanin mutane miliyan 6 zuwa 7,6 sun yi zanga-zangar nuna adalci a duniya. Kuma ana shirin shirya karin zanga-zangar. Wannan ita ce zanga-zangar yanayi mafi girma a tarihi, idan ba zanga-zangar zanga-zanga mafi girma a tarihi da ke gudana a halin yanzu ba.

Abin birgewa shi ne yadda zanga-zangar ta zuwa yanzu ta kasance cikin lumana da mamaki. A cikin Paris a watan Satumba na 2019 kimanin masu zanga-zangar ƙungiya ta baƙar fata 150 da aka rufe fuskokinsu sun haɗu tare da 40.000 ko masu zanga-zangar kuma suna ƙoƙari su tayar da zanga-zangar yanayi. Sakamakon gilashin gilashi, kona e-scooters, shagunan da aka wawashe kuma an kama sama da ɗari sakamakon.

Oktoba 2019 ya kasance mafi ɗan rikicewa fiye da hanyar sadarwa Ƙunƙarar Kisa mamaye wata cibiyar kasuwanci a cikin lardin 13 a kudancin Paris. An kame "'yan tawaye" 280 a wata zanga-zangar da aka yi a Landan bayan sun daure kansu a cikin motoci don hana zirga-zirga. Kimanin mutane 4.000 sun yi zanga-zanga a cikin Berlin kuma sun kuma hana zirga-zirga. A can 'yan sanda sun dauke masu zanga-zangar ko kuma an juya akalar zirga-zirgar.

Yi hankali, masu gwagwarmayar yanayi!

Daga waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, gidan telebijin na Amurka mai ra'ayin mazan jiya FoxNews ya watsa rahoton "groupungiyar masu tsananin tsattsauran ra'ayin sauyin yanayi sun gurgunta sassan London, Faransa da Jamus". Zasu "tilasta wa yan siyasa su rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli". Amma ba Fox News ba ne kawai, FBI ma ta san yadda ake tozartawa da aikata laifuka ga masu fafutukar kare muhalli. Ta sanya wannan a matsayin barazanar ta'addanci a tsawon shekaru. Jaridar Guardian a kwanan nan ta fallasa binciken ta'addanci da FBI ta gudanar kan masu fafutukar kare muhalli na Amurka masu zaman lafiya. Ba zato ba tsammani, waɗannan binciken sun fi faruwa a cikin shekarun 2013-2014, lokacin da suka yi zanga-zangar adawa da bututun mai na Kanada da Amurka Keystone XL.

A Burtaniya, alal misali, wasu masu rajin kare muhalli guda uku da suka yi zanga-zangar adawa da samar da iskar gas a can an yanke musu hukunci mai tsauri. An yankewa matasa masu gwagwarmaya hukuncin watanni 16 zuwa 18 a kurkuku saboda haifar da fitina jama'a bayan hawa kan manyan motocin Cuadrilla. Ba zato ba tsammani, kamfanin kwanan nan ya biya jihar dala miliyan 253 don lasisin hakar iskar gas.

NGOungiyar Ba da Agaji ta Amurka Mashahurin Duniya ta yi faɗakarwa game da aikata laifin lalata muhalli a bazarar 2019. Ya yi bayanin kisan 164 na masu rajin kare muhalli a duniya a cikin 2018, fiye da rabin su a Latin Amurka. Hakanan akwai rahotanni na wasu masu fafutuka marasa adadi waɗanda kame-kame, barazanar mutuwa, kararraki da kamfen ɓoye sun yi shiru. NGOungiyar ta NGO ta yi gargadin cewa ba a iyakance laifin kudu da duniya ta hanyar aikata laifuka ta fuskar ƙasa da masu rajin kare muhalli: "A duk duniya akwai shaidu cewa gwamnatoci da kamfanoni suna amfani da kotuna da tsarin shari'a a matsayin kayan aikin danniya ga waɗanda suka shiga cikin tsarin tsarin mulkinsu da bukatunsu". A Hungary, wata doka ma ta tauye haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.

Danniya da aikata laifuka babbar barazana ce ga harkar muhalli.Koda bata sunan jama'a da masu fafutukar kare muhalli suke yi a matsayin "masu fada a ji", "'yan ta'addan muhalli" ko "matsalar yanayin yanayi fiye da kowane abu" ya dakile goyon bayan jama'a da halalta halal.
Farfesan kuma masanin binciken rikice-rikice Jacquelien van Stekelenburg daga Jami'ar Amsterdam ba za su iya - ban da wasu ɓarnar da dukiya ta yi ba - ba za su iya samun wata dama ta tashin hankali daga yanayin sauyin yanayi ba. Daga ra'ayinsu, yana da mahimmanci ko wata ƙasa gabaɗaya tana da al'adun zanga-zangar da aka tsara da kuma yadda ƙwararrun masu shirya kansu suke: “A cikin Netherlands, masu shirya taron suna ba da rahoton zanga-zangar su ga policean sanda kafin nan sannan su yi aiki tare. Haɗarin da zanga-zangar ke samu daga hannu ba ta da yawa. "

Humor, sadarwar da kotuna

Humor kamar sanannen makami ne tsakanin masu rajin kare muhalli. Tuno da katuwar kifin Whale na Greenpeace a gaban hedkwatar OMV. Ko kuma yakin duniya na 2000 "Muna fushi", wanda ya kunshi yada hotunan kai tsaye da fuskoki masu tsami a shafukan sada zumunta. Ba za a iya hana tawaye na ƙarewa da dariya ba. Bayan haka, sun kafa tukwanen filawa, sofas, tebura, kujeru kuma - ƙarshe amma ba ƙarancin - jirgi da aka yi da itace a cikin Berlin don hana zirga-zirga ba.

A cikin kowane hali, matakin haɓaka gaba na gaba na zanga-zangar sauyin yanayi yana faruwa a matakin doka a wannan ƙasar. Bayan da aka ayyana dokar ta baci a cikin Ostireliya, ya kawo Greenpeace Austria tare da Jumma'a Don Gaba karar farko ta yanayi a gaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki da nufin soke dokokin da ke lalata yanayi - kamar tsarin Tempo 140 ko kebe haraji ga kananzir. A cikin Jamus ma, Greenpeace yana amfani da makamai na doka kuma kwanan nan ya sami nasara ta ƙarshe. A Faransa, irin wannan karar ta sami nasara a 2021.

Global 2000 na ganin matakai na gaba game da tattara jama'a, sadarwar da kuma iko: "Za mu yi duk abin da za mu iya don neman kariyar yanayin, ciki har da kamfen, koke-koke, aikin watsa labarai kuma idan babu daya daga cikinsu da zai taimaka, za mu kuma yi la’akari da matakan doka," in ji shi. Kamfen din Johannes Wahlmüller.

Shirye-shiryen Allianz "Canjin Tsarin, ba Canjin yanayi", Wanda a cikin sama da kungiyoyi 130, kungiyoyi da kuma kudurorin kungiyar kare muhalli ta Austriya aka hada su, suka sake samar da abubuwa masu zuwa:" Za mu ci gaba da matsa lamba kan ayyukanmu kuma mun ga ginshikan siyasar Austrian na rashin yanayi - kamar harabar mota da masana'antar jirgin sama. "sun taka muhimmiyar rawa tare da tayar da kayar Turai gaba daya don daidaita yanayin" By2020WeRiseUp ".
Lastarshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, ranakun Jumma'a Don Future suna ganin kansu a matsayin ƙungiya mai ƙarancin ƙarfi da tashin hankali, waɗanda zanga-zangar tasu a duk duniya ta dogara ne da ƙa'idodin Jemez don aiwatar da demokraɗiyya. Waɗannan a bayyane sun fi tuna Woodstock fiye da kowane irin yuwuwar sauyawa.

A cikin kowane hali, babu wata shaidar tashin hankali ko shirye-shiryen yin amfani da tashin hankali a cikin motsin muhalli na Austriya. Ba a tabbatar da wannan ba ko kaɗan ta hanyar rahoton kare kundin tsarin mulki, wanda babu ambaton barazanar daga masu rajin kare muhalli. Kamar dai kadan ne a cikin rahoton ta'addanci na Europol. Ko da tawayen tawayen, wanda ake zarginsa da son yin amfani da rikici sau da yawa yana haifar da jita-jita, an wanke shi daga duk wani tsattsauran ra'ayi da hukumar kare kundin tsarin mulki ta Jamus ta yi bayani. A wata sanarwa da ta fitar kwanan nan, ta sanar da cewa babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa za ta kasance kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

Gabaɗaya, a cikin Turai - gami da Austriya - ana iya jin muryoyin da aka keɓe suna faɗi game da yiwuwar sauya yanayin motsi na muhalli, amma wannan ba shi da dangantaka da ainihin girman motsi. Kuma yiwuwar tashin hankali da ya haifar ba shi da wata alaƙa da abin da ke faruwa sakamakon gazawar wannan motsi, watau canjin yanayi kanta da sakamakonsa.

Burin tafasa

A cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da sabbin ƙasashe masu ci-gaban masana'antu, yanzu ya bayyana yadda fashewar haɗuwar abubuwan yanayi masu tsananin gaske, ƙarancin ruwa, fari da ƙarancin abinci a gefe guda da masu rauni, ɓarnataccen tsarin siyasa a ɗayan hannun na iya zama. Hakanan, ana iya tsammanin samun ci gaba a cikin wannan ƙasar idan har aka daina amincewa da cibiyoyin dimokiraɗiyya gabaɗaya kuma aka sami ƙarancin albarkatu.

Daga qarshe, a cikin wannan qasar, ingancin dimokiradiyya shine mafi mahimmin al'amari na nasara ko gazawar motsi na yanayi. Daga karshe, tana yanke hukunci ne ko 'yan sanda ne suka kwashe masu zanga-zangar ko suka kama su, ko ana gudanar da manyan ayyukan gine-gine tare da ko ba tare da sa hannun dan kasa ba kuma ko za a iya zabar gwamnatoci da kyau daga mukaminsu. Tabbas, yanayin muhalli zai taimaka wa yan siyasa don 'yantar da kansu daga matsalolin lobbies.

Matakan biyar na lalata ƙasa da motsi da muhalli

Yaƙin neman zaɓe da dabaru na ɓatanci

Gangamin kazanta da dabarun bata suna a shafukan sada zumunta na nuna masu muhalli a matsayin mambobin kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka, 'yan daba ko kuma' yan ta'adda wadanda ke barazana ga tsaron kasa. Hakanan galibi ana ƙarfafa waɗannan dabaru ta hanyar wariyar launin fata da maganganun ƙiyayya.

Laifukan laifi
Ana zargin masu rajin kare muhalli da kungiyoyin su kan tuhume-tuhumen da ba su dace ba kamar "hargitsi da umarnin jama'a", "keta haddin doka", "makirci", "tilastawa" ko "tunzurawa". Sau da yawa ana amfani da sanarwar ta baci don murkushe zanga-zangar lumana.

Garantin kamewa
Ana bayar da sammacin kamewa akai-akai duk da rauni ko shaidar da ba a tabbatar da ita ba. Wasu lokuta ba a ambaci mutane a ciki, wanda ke haifar da tuhumar gaba ɗayan ƙungiya ko al'umma da aikata laifi. Takaddun kame sau da yawa suna kasancewa a jiran aiki, yana barin waɗanda ake kara a cikin haɗarin kamewa koyaushe.

Tsare shari’a ba bisa doka ba
Masu gabatar da kara sun tanadi tsarewar kafin a yi shari’ar da za ta iya daukar wasu shekaru. Masu gwagwarmayar ƙasa da muhalli galibi ba za su iya ɗaukar taimakon doka ko masu fassara kotu. Idan an wanke su, da wuya a biya su diyya.

Laifin laifi
Kungiyoyin kare muhalli sun jimre sa ido ba bisa ka'ida ba, hare-hare ko hare-haren masu satar bayanai, wanda ya haifar da rajista da kulawar kudi don su da mambobin su. An kaiwa kungiyoyin farar hula da lauyoyin su hari jiki, an daure su har ma an kashe su.

Lura: Mashaidin Duniya yana yin rubuce-rubuce game da shari'oi a duk duniya wanda aka lalata ƙungiyoyin karkara da muhalli da kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar na tsawon shekaru 26. Waɗannan shari'o'in suna nuna wasu kamance, waɗanda aka taƙaita su a cikin waɗannan matakan biyar. Source: globalwitness.org

Photo / Video: Shutterstock.

Written by Veronika Janyrova

Bayani na 1

Bar sako
  1. A matsayin masu sukar rediyo ta wayar hannu waɗanda ke yin gargaɗi game da fasahar watsa bayanai mara igiyar waya irin su microwaves, muna fuskantar wannan lamarin kusan kowace rana. Da zaran manyan bukatu na tattalin arziki (masana'antar dijital, masana'antar petrochemicals, masana'antar kera motoci ...) sun shiga hannu, masu suka suna son a bata suna, musamman lokacin da hujjar gaskiya ta kare ...
    https://www.elektro-sensibel.de/artikel.php?ID=188

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