Labari mara kyau

Bikin Sabuwar Shekarar a Cologne: A cikin taron mutane a gaban tashar tashar a Cologne, akwai hare-hare akan mata. A cikin labarai, maza suna magana ne game da "kamannin Arewacin Afirka," kuma yana da sauki a ce zasu iya zama masu neman mafaka. A kwanaki na karewa, rahotanni marasa tushe suna bayyana, kafofin watsa labarun sun yi muhawara mai zafi, ra'ayi kan 'yan gudun hijirar da ke tsananin zafi. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka,' yan sanda Cologne sun saki gaskiyar: tallace-tallace na 821 suna da alaƙa da laifuka a Sabuwar Sabuwar Hauwa, an gano waɗanda ake zargin 30, daga 25 sun fito ne daga Maroko ko Algeria. Wadanda ake zargin 15 sun kasance masu neman mafaka.

Labari mara kyau ne kawai

Barka da zuwa wajan kafofin watsa labarai! "Labari mara kyau ne kawai labari mai kyau" hanya ce ta aikin jarida. Ya bayyana ƙa'idar da labaru kawai ke sayarwa da kyau idan an danganta su da rikici ko mawuyacin hali. Kasance tare da masu neman mafaka: Tun dubun dubatan 'yan gudun hijirar suka isa Austria a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, rahotanni marasa kyau ba su tsayawa. An gabatar da mayakan IS a cikin kwararar 'yan gudun hijirar, an ce bayan harin Paris. Laifuffuka suna ta tashi, shine ainihin mahimmancin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa.
Ulf Küch, shugaban ƙungiyar de dechercher Kriminalbeamter a Lower Saxony, ya ƙare a cikin littafinsa "Soko Asylum": "Adadin masu laifin da suka shiga Jamus tare da thean gudun hijirar ba su da yawa fiye da adadin masu laifi a Jamus Yawan jama'a. "Amma kafofin watsa labarai da yawa ba su da sha'awar gaskiya, sun fi son su mai da hankali ga labarai marasa kyau. Tasiri ga masu amfani da kafofin watsa labaru shine inganta gashi.

"Mun karbi buƙatun don ba da rahoto game da satar mutane a gabashin Austria, saboda laifin da ake yi a can ya fashe. Mun duba ƙididdigar kuma muka gano: Wannan ba gaskiya bane. "

Heidi Lackner, wanda ke da alhakin shirin ORF ya ce "Mun sami roƙo don bayar da rahoto game da satar mutane a gabashin Austria, saboda laifi ya fashe a wurin," in ji Heidi Lackner, wanda ke da alhakin shirin ORF "Am Schauplatz". "Mun kalli ƙididdigar kuma mun gano. Wannan ba gaskiya bane." A zahiri, laifin a Vienna a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya faɗi: a farkon rabin 2015 akwai raguwar kashi 22 kaɗan kuma har zuwa kashi 81 bisa dari (dangane da nau'in laifin) ƙasa da Laifi fiye da bara. Lackner ya yanke shawara: "Ba wai laifin ya karu ba, amma jin barazanar da ke tafe. Domin mutane suna karanta tabloids waɗanda ke cikin hanyar jirgin ƙasa, kuma inda sata, kisan kai, da kisan kai su ne kawai batutuwan. "

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"Ba mu fahimci yadda duniya ke canji da kyau ba"
Farfesa na jami'ar Sweden Hans Rosling ya bunkasa a cikin shekarun 90er abin da ake kira gwajin rashin sani, wanda ke magance tambayoyi game da ainihin gaskiyar duniya kamar talauci, tsammanin rayuwa ko rarraba kudaden shiga. An riga an gudanar da gwajin a wasu ƙasashe kuma sakamakon yana yawanci irin wannan: halin da ake ciki a duniyar tamu ana ɗaukar shi da rashin damuwa. Misali, matsakaiciyar rayuwar duniya a shekaru 70 ce, amma sama da rabin wadanda suka amsa sun zuga shekaru 60. A yau, ƙarancin karatu a duniya shine kashi 80 - amma kashi ɗaya bisa uku na waɗanda aka jefa kuri'a ne kawai za su iya tunanin hakan. Kashi bakwai ne kawai na Amurkawa da 23 bisa dari na mutanen Sweden sun san cewa yawan adadin mutanen duniya da ke rayuwa cikin matsanancin talauci ya ragu tun daga 1990 kuma bai ninka ninki biyu ba, kamar yadda rabin suka yi imani. A zahiri, talauci yana taɓarɓarewa a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe, kamar ci gaban jama'a da mutuwar yara. Yawan rayuwa da kuma karancin karatu, a daya hannun, suna hauhawa. "Yawancin mutane a Yammacin Turai, duk da haka, ba su fahimci yadda sauran duniya ke canzawa da sauri ba," in ji Rosling, "galibi don mafi kyawu." Rashin damuwa a cikin West Rosling yana cikin ganawa ta madubi don "lazarin tunani, wanda, saboda komai ya koma jahannama, ya kange shi daga aikata wani abu."

Labari mara kyau: Labaran labarai tabas

'Yar jaridar nan mai zaman kanta, Renate Haiden ta yi wa Ostireliya kullun aiki a takaice kuma ta ba da rahoto: "Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne kanun labarai, wanda babban magatakardan Wolfgang Fellner ya bincika. Dole ne su kasance masu sauƙi da sauri don karantawa, abubuwan da ke cikin labarin ba su da matsala. "Haiden ya bar aikin bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, saboda suna ganin haɗin gwiwar" ba mai godiya ". "A ɗakunan labarai musamman matasa ne, ƙwararrun ma'aikata. An ɗauke ni a matsayin mai horo duk da kwarewar aiki na. "
Wataƙila shi ma saboda irin wannan yanayi ne waɗanda 'yan jaridu ba sa jin daɗin suna a cikin jama'a: A cikin binciken da aka bayar kan amincin ƙungiyar kwararru, kafofin watsa labaru sukan kankama a cikin kujerun baya.

"Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne kanun labarai. Abubuwan da labarin basu da mahimmanci."
Renate Haiden, tsohon edita na jaridar yau da kullun Österreich

Saƙonni suna zana hoto ba daidai ba

Wani binciken da aka yi na 2015 Forsa wanda RTL a Jamus ya gano cewa kusan rabin masu amsa sun sami labarai na yau da kullun marasa kyau: 45 bisa dari na waɗanda suka amsa sun ce labaran TV sun "damu sosai", an gano kashi 35, sun sanya TV Labari na Tsoron Xarancin 80 Kashi na Neman mafita. Manzanci mara kyau da kuma sakonnin marasa kyau na iya haifar da fata cikin hanzari a tsakanin masu karatu da masu kallo, zuwa ga jin cewa ba za su iya canza yanayin da duniya ke da rauni ba (duba hira). An yi hira da Amurkawa na 2.500 don binciken ta gidan rediyo na Amurka NPR tare da haɗin gwiwar Gidajen Robert Wood Johnson da Harvard School of Health na Jama'a. Kusan kashi 4 na wadanda suka amsa sun ce an kara damuwar su a watan da ya gabata, suna masu yada labaran a matsayin babbar matsalar.

Amma gaskiyar ta bambanta, kamar yadda aka ruwaito ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa: Canadians Steven Pinker, masanin ilimin halayyar mutum a Jami'ar Harvard, ya gano cewa tashin hankali ya ci gaba da raguwa cikin tarihi. "Duk ire-iren tashin hankali: yaƙe-yaƙe, kisan kai, azabtarwa, fyaɗe, tashin hankali a cikin gida," in ji Pinker, wanda shi ma ya yi nuni da cewa labarin yana nuna hoton da bai dace ba. "Lokacin da kuka kunna labarai ta talabijin, kawai kuna jin labarin abubuwan da suka faru. Ba za ku ji ɗan rahoto ya ce, 'Ina kai rahoto kai tsaye ba daga babban birni inda babu yakin basasa. Muddin raunin tashin hankali bai ragu ba, to za a sami isasshen zalunci don cike labaran maraice. "
Shi malamin jami’ar Sweden Hans Rosling shi ma ya nuna tare da jahilcinsa yadda labarai suke ba su gurbata tunanin duniya ba (duba akwatin.)

"Abinda ake ɗauka maki masu haske ne, madadinsu da sabbin shugabanni."

Magani mai daidaituwa da ma'ana vs. Labari mara kyau

A farkon 1970s, futurologist Robert Jungk ya kasance daga ra'ayin cewa ya kamata 'yan jarida koyaushe su ba da rahoto akan ɓangarorin biyu na tsabar kudin. Yakamata su bayyana korafi, amma su gabatar da mafita. Wannan kuma shine tushen samar da mafita ko ingantaccen aikin jarida, wanda Ulrik Haagerup, shugaban sashen watsa labarai na Danish ya taimaka wajen tsarawa. Haagerup yana neman hanyoyin kirkirar shirye-shiryensa na labarai waɗanda ke bawa mutane fata. Burinsa shi ne nuna yanayin gaba daya maimakon kawai rubuta mummunan labarin yau. "Kyakkyawar aikin jarida na nufin ganin duniya da idanu biyu," in ji Haagerup. Tunanin yayi aiki, ratings sun tashi.
Doris Rasshofer, tsohon edita-babban shugaban mujallar nan mai warware matsalar "Bestseller" ya ce "Idan kafofin watsa labarai suka fi mayar da hankali har zuwa kan matsalolin duniyar nan da kuma neman masu laifi, ra'ayinmu game da duniya kawai ya ƙunshi matsaloli, masu laifi da hotunan abokan gaba," in ji Doris Rasshofer, tsohon editan-babban shugaban jaridar da ke warware matsalar "Bestseller" , Whatan jaridar ya kammala. "Kuma tana buƙatar rahoton kafofin watsa labarai a kai."

Ganawa tare da Univ.-Far. Dr. Jörg Matthes darekta ne na Cibiyar Jarida da Kimiyyar Sadarwa a Jami'ar Vienna

Ta yaya labarai marasa kyau zasu shafi al'umma?
Jörg Matthes: Mutanen da suke yawan cin labarai marasa kyau suna kimanta halin da ake ciki game da laifi ko ta'addanci a matsayin mafi girman hukunci da tsanani fiye da sauran. Hakikanin hatsarin halin da ake ciki shine an overrestimated.

Me yasa yawancin kafofin watsa labarai ke mai da hankali ga labarai marasa kyau?
Matthes: Saƙonni game da matsaloli sun kasance mafi labarai kuma ana cinye su fiye da labarai masu kyau. A lokacin juyin halitta, an shirya mu, kamar, don fahimtar da kuma mummunan bayanan da ba shi da kyau, saboda hakan shine ya tabbatar da tsira mu.

Bincike ya ce mutane da yawa ba sa son labarai marasa kyau.
Matthes: Duk da haka, idan kun basu labarai mara kyau kamar labarai masu kyau, waɗannan mutane zasu fi mai da hankali ga mummunan abu. Wannan kuma game da wadatarwa da bukatar - ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa Kronen Zeitung ita ce jaridar da aka fi karantawa a Austria. Don haka ba za ku iya zargin kafofin watsa labarai shi kadai ba don labarai marasa kyau.

Me kuke tunani game da mafita kan aikin jarida?
Matthes: Tabbas yana da ma'ana don neman ingantacciyar hanyar labarai kuma kar a bar masu amfani da kafofin watsa labaru su kaɗai tare da matsalolin zamaninmu. Koyaya, aikin jarida mai sahihanci ya zama mai ɗaukar lokaci yana buƙatar albarkatu. Tilas ne yawan jama'a da 'yan siyasa su san cewa wannan ba' yanci bane. Kyakkyawan aikin jarida yana da farashin sa.

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