Masana kimiyya don Future Austria
da Martin Auer
Kowane bayani yana haifar da sababbin matsaloli. Domin shawo kan matsalar yanayi, dole ne mu daina kona kwal, mai da iskar gas da wuri-wuri. Amma man fetur da iskar gas yawanci sun ƙunshi kashi 1 zuwa 3 na sulfur. Kuma ana buƙatar wannan sulfur. Wato wajen samar da takin phosphate da kuma fitar da karafa da ake bukata domin sabbin fasahohin kore, daga tsarin daukar hoto zuwa batura na motocin lantarki.
A halin yanzu duniya tana amfani da tan miliyan 246 na sulfuric acid kowace shekara. Fiye da kashi 80 cikin XNUMX na sulfur da ake amfani da su a duk duniya suna zuwa daga albarkatun mai. Sulfur a halin yanzu sharar gida ce daga tsarkakewar kayayyakin burbushin don iyakance hayakin sulfur dioxide da ke haifar da ruwan sama na acid. Kashe wadannan man fetur din zai rage yawan samar da sulfur, yayin da bukatar kuma za ta karu.
Mark Maslin Farfesa ne na Kimiyyar Tsarin Duniya a Kwalejin Jami'ar London. Binciken da aka gudanar a karkashin jagorancinsa[1] ya gano cewa kawar da burbushin halittun da ake bukata don cimma burin net-zero zai rasa ton miliyan 2040 na sulfur nan da shekarar 320, fiye da yadda muke amfani da shi kowace shekara a yau. Wannan zai haifar da haɓakar farashin sulfuric acid. Wadannan farashin za su iya zama cikin sauƙi ta hanyar masana'antun "kore" masu riba mai yawa fiye da masu samar da taki. Wannan kuma zai sa takin ya yi tsada da tsadar abinci. Ƙananan masu noma a cikin ƙasashe masu fama da talauci musamman na iya samun ƙarancin taki kuma amfanin su zai ragu.
Ana samun Sulfur a cikin kayayyaki da yawa, daga tayoyin mota zuwa takarda da kayan wanke-wanke. Amma mafi mahimmancin aikace-aikacensa shine a cikin masana'antar sinadarai, inda ake amfani da sulfuric acid don lalata abubuwa da yawa.
Haɓakar haɓakar ƙananan fasahohin carbon kamar manyan batura, injunan abin hawa masu haske ko hasken rana zai haifar da haɓaka haƙar ma'adinai, musamman ma'adanai masu ɗauke da cobalt da nickel. Bukatar cobalt na iya karuwa da kashi 2 nan da shekarar 2050, nickel da kashi 460 cikin dari da neodymium da kashi 99 cikin dari. Duk waɗannan karafa a zamanin yau ana hako su ta hanyar amfani da adadi mai yawa na sulfuric acid.
Haɓaka yawan al'ummar duniya da kuma canza yanayin cin abinci zai kuma ƙara buƙatar sulfuric acid daga masana'antar taki.
Yayin da akwai wadataccen wadataccen ma'adanai na sulphate, baƙin ƙarfe sulphides da sulfur na asali, gami da a cikin duwatsu masu aman wuta, dole ne a faɗaɗa haƙar ma'adinai sosai don fitar da su. Canza sulfates zuwa sulfur yana buƙatar makamashi mai yawa kuma yana haifar da yawan iskar CO2 tare da hanyoyin yanzu. Hakowa da sarrafa ma'adanai na sulfur da sulfide na iya zama tushen iska, ƙasa da gurɓataccen ruwa, acidify ƙasa da ruwa na ƙasa, da sakin gubobi kamar arsenic, thallium da mercury. Kuma haƙar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi koyaushe yana da alaƙa da matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam.
sake amfani da sabon abu
Don haka dole ne a nemo sabbin hanyoyin sulfur da baya fitowa daga burbushin mai. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a rage buƙatar sulfur ta hanyar sake yin amfani da su da kuma ta hanyar sababbin hanyoyin masana'antu waɗanda ke amfani da ƙarancin sulfuric acid.
Maido da phosphates daga ruwan datti da sarrafa su zuwa taki zai rage buƙatar amfani da sulfuric acid don sarrafa duwatsun phosphate. Wannan zai taimaka, a gefe guda, don kiyaye ƙarancin samar da dutsen phosphate, a daya bangaren kuma, don rage yawan takin ruwa. Furen algal da ke haifar da wuce gona da iri yana haifar da rashin isashshen iskar oxygen, shaƙa kifaye da shuke-shuke.
Sake sarrafa batirin lithium shima zai taimaka wajen magance matsalar. Haɓaka batura da injina waɗanda ke amfani da ƙarancin ƙarancin karafa kuma zai rage buƙatar sulfuric acid.
Adana makamashin da ake sabuntawa ba tare da amfani da batura ba, ta hanyar fasaha kamar yin amfani da matsewar iska ko nauyi ko makamashin motsa jiki na ƙafar ƙafa da sauran sabbin abubuwa, zai rage duka sulfuric acid da buƙatun mai da kuma fitar da lalatawar. A nan gaba, ana iya amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta don cire sulfur daga sulfates.
Don haka dole ne manufofin ƙasa da na ƙasa su yi la'akari da ƙarancin sulfur nan gaba yayin da ake shirin lalata ƙorafi, ta hanyar haɓaka sake yin amfani da su da nemo wasu hanyoyin da ke da mafi ƙarancin tsadar rayuwa da muhalli.
Hoton murfin: Prasanta Kr Dutta a kan Unsplash
An gano shi: Fabian Schipfer
[1] Maslin, M., Van Heerde, L. & Day, S. (2022) Sulfur: Rikicin albarkatun kasa wanda zai iya dakile fasahar kore da kuma yin barazana ga tsaron abinci kamar yadda duniya ke lalata. Jaridar Geographical, 00, 1-8. Kan layi: https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geoj.12475
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