Sakamakon yanayi na yakin Ukraine: yawancin hayaki kamar Netherlands

Yakin da aka yi a Ukraine ya haifar da kimanin tan miliyan 100 na CO2e a cikin watanni bakwai na farko. Wannan shine kamar yadda, alal misali, Netherlands ke fitarwa a cikin lokaci guda. Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Yukren ta gabatar da wadannan alkaluman a wajen wani biki na gefen taron sauyin yanayi na COP27 a birnin Sharm el Sheik.1. Wani kwararre kan yanayin yanayi da makamashi dan kasar Holland Lennard de Klerk ne ya fara binciken, wanda ya dade yana aiki a Ukraine. Ya haɓaka ayyukan yanayi da makamashi a cikin manyan masana'antu a can, da kuma a Bulgaria da Rasha. Wakilan wasu kamfanoni masu ba da shawara na kasa da kasa don kare yanayi da makamashi mai sabuntawa da kuma wakilin Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Ukraine sun hada kai kan binciken.2.

An yi nazari kan hayakin da ake fitarwa a dalilin motsin 'yan gudun hijira, tashin hankali, gobara da sake gina kayayyakin more rayuwa na farar hula.

Jirgin sama: 1,4 ton miliyan CO2e

Nazarin ya fara nazarin motsin jirgin da yakin ya haifar. An kiyasta adadin mutanen da suka tsere daga yankin yakin zuwa yammacin Ukraine ya kai miliyan 6,2, kuma adadin wadanda suka tsere zuwa kasashen waje ya kai miliyan 7,7. Dangane da wuraren tashi da inda aka nufa, ana iya ƙididdige hanyoyin sufurin da aka yi amfani da su: mota, jirgin ƙasa, bas, gajeriyar jirage da kuma dogon tafiya. Kimanin kashi 40 cikin 1,4 na 'yan gudun hijirar sun koma garuruwansu bayan janyewar sojojin Rasha. Gabaɗaya, an ƙiyasta yawan hayaƙin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa tan miliyan 2 na COXNUMXe.

Ayyukan soja: 8,9 ton miliyan CO2e

Burbushin mai wani muhimmin sashi ne na ayyukan soja. Ana amfani da su wajen tankoki da motocin sulke, jiragen sama, masu jigilar alburusai, sojoji, abinci da sauran kayayyaki. Amma motocin farar hula irin su injinan ceto da na kashe gobara, motocin bas na kwashe mutane da dai sauransu su ma suna cin mai. Irin wannan bayanai yana da wuyar samun ko da a lokacin zaman lafiya, balle a yi yaki. An kiyasta yawan amfani da sojojin Rasha a kan tan miliyan 1,5 dangane da jigilar man da aka lura da shi zuwa yankin yakin. Marubutan sun ƙididdige yawan amfani da sojojin Yukren a ton miliyan 0,5. Sun bayyana banbance-banbance da cewa sojojin na Ukraine suna da gajerun hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki fiye da maharan kuma galibi suna amfani da kayan aiki masu sauki da motoci. Jimlar tan miliyan 2 na man fetur ya haifar da fitar da hayaki na CO6,37e ton miliyan 2.

Yin amfani da harsashi kuma yana haifar da hayaki mai yawa: a lokacin samarwa, lokacin sufuri, lokacin da injin ya ƙone lokacin da aka harba shi da kuma lokacin da injin ya fashe akan tasiri. Ƙididdiga na amfani da harsashi sun bambanta tsakanin 5.000 zuwa 60.000 kowace rana. Fiye da kashi 90 cikin 1,2 na hayakin da ake fitarwa ya samo asali ne saboda samar da na'urori masu armashi (jaket ɗin ƙarfe da abubuwan fashewa). Gabaɗaya, ana kiyasin fitar da hayaki mai guba zuwa tan miliyan 2 na COXNUMXe.

Gobara: 23,8 ton miliyan CO2e

Bayanai na tauraron dan adam sun nuna yadda gobarar da ta haifar da harsasai, tashin bama-bamai da nakiyoyi - ta karu a yankunan yakin idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata: adadin gobarar da yanki sama da 1 ha ya karu da ninki 122, yankin da abin ya shafa 38. - ninka. Gobarar dazuka ce ke haifar da mafi yawan wannan hayaki da gobara a farkon watanni bakwai na yakin ya kai tan miliyan 23,8 na CO2e.

Sake ginawa: 48,7 miliyan ton na CO2e

Galibin hayakin da yakin zai haifar zai fito ne daga sake gina gine-ginen farar hula da aka lalata. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan sun riga sun faru a lokacin yakin, amma yawancin sake ginawa ba za a fara ba har sai an kawo karshen tashin hankali. Tun daga farkon yakin, hukumomin Ukraine sun tattara bayanan barnar da fada ya haifar. An tsara bayanan da ma'aikatu daban-daban suka tattara zuwa rahoton makarantar Kiev tare da hadin gwiwar tawagar kwararru daga bankin duniya.

Yawancin lalacewa yana cikin sashin gidaje (58%). Ya zuwa ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2022, an lalata gidaje 6.153 na birni kuma 9.490 sun lalace. An lalata gidaje 65.847 masu zaman kansu sannan 54.069 sun lalace. Sake ginawa zai yi la'akari da sabbin abubuwa: saboda raguwar yawan jama'a, ba za a mayar da duk rukunin gidaje ba. A daya hannun, Apartments na zamanin Soviet sun kasance ƙanana sosai bisa ka'idodin yau. Sabbin gidaje tabbas zasu fi girma. An yi amfani da aikin gini na yanzu a Gabashin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai don ƙididdige hayaƙi. Samuwar siminti da bulo shine kuma tubali sune manyan tushen iskar CO2 Sabbin, ƙarancin kayan gini na carbon zai iya samuwa, amma saboda girman lalacewa, yawancin ginin za a yi ta amfani da hanyoyin yanzu. An kiyasta fitar da hayaki daga sake gina rukunin gidaje a ton miliyan 2 na CO28,4e, sake gina dukkanin kayayyakin more rayuwa na jama'a - makarantu, asibitoci, wuraren al'adu da wasanni, gine-ginen addini, masana'antu, shaguna, motoci - a tan miliyan 2.

Methane daga Nord Stream 1 da 2: 14,6 miliyan ton CO2e

Marubutan sun kuma kirga methane da ya tsere lokacin da aka lalata bututun Nord Stream a matsayin hayaki daga motsin 'yan gudun hijira, ayyukan yaki, gobara da sake ginawa. Duk da dai ba a san ko su waye suka yi zagon kasa ba, amma da alama dai tabbas yana da alaka da yakin Ukraine. Methane da ya tsere ya yi daidai da ton miliyan 14,6 na CO2e.

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Hoton rufewa ta Luke Johns a kan Pixabay

1 https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=U2VUG9IVUZUOLJ3GOC6PKKERKXUO3DYJ , duba kuma: https://climateonline.net/2022/11/04/ukraine-cop27/

2 Klerk, Lenard de; Shmurak, Anatolii; Gassan-Zade, Olga; Shlapak, Mykola; Tomolyak, Kyryl; Korthhuis, Adriaan (2022): Lalacewar yanayi da Yaƙin Rasha ya haifar a Ukraine: Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli da Albarkatun ƙasa na Ukraine. Kan layi: https://climatefocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ClimateDamageinUkraine.pdf