Greenpeace ta fuskanci balaguron hakar ma'adinan teku mai zurfi a Tekun Pacific | Greenpeace int.

Gabashin Pacific, Maris 26, 2023 - Masu fafutuka daga Greenpeace International sun tsaya cikin lumana a gaban jirgin binciken Burtaniya James Cook a cikin ruwan gabashin Pacific yayin da ya dawo daga balaguron mako bakwai zuwa wani yanki na Tekun Pasifik da aka nufa don hakar ma'adinan zurfin teku. Wani mai fafutuka ya haura gefen jirgin domin ya kaddamar da tuta mai rubuta "Ka ce A'a don hakar ma'adinan Teku mai zurfi" yayin da wasu 'yan gwagwarmayar Māori biyu suka yi iyo a gaban RRS James Cook, daya dauke da tutar Māori dayan kuma dauke da Tuta daya dauke da rubutu. "Don Mine ba Moiana ba". [1]

"Yayin da tashe-tashen hankulan siyasa ke tashe kan ko za a ba da izinin hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi, sha'awar kasuwanci a tekun suna ci gaba kamar dai an yi yarjejeniya. Kamar dai aika jirgi bai yi muni ba don ba da damar ci gaba da lalata halittunmu, cin mutunci ne a aika wanda aka yi wa suna bayan fitaccen ɗan mulkin mallaka na Pacific. An daɗe da daɗe ba a cire mutanen Pacific daga shawarwarin da suka shafi yankunanmu da ruwanmu. Sai dai idan gwamnatoci sun dakatar da wannan masana'antar daga farawa, mafi duhun kwanakin tarihi zai sake maimaita kansa. Mun ƙi makoma tare da hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi", in ji James Hita, mai fafutukar Māori kuma shugaban yakin neman zaben Greenpeace International na yakin neman zabe mai zurfi.

Wakilai daga gwamnatocin duniya a halin yanzu suna taruwa a Hukumar Kula da Teku ta Duniya (ISA) da ke Kingston, Jamaica don tattaunawa kan ko wannan masana'antar mai lalata zai iya samun hasken kore a wannan shekara [2]. A halin yanzu, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi na UK Seabed Resources yana amfani da balaguron RRS James Cook - wanda aka ba shi da kuɗin jama'a daga Burtaniya - don ɗaukar ƙarin matakai don fara gwajin ma'adinai kafin a kammala tattaunawa [3].

The RRS James Cook balaguron, wanda aka sani da Smartex (Seabed Mining da Resilience To Experimental Impact) [3], ana gudanar da shi a cikin Burtaniya ta Hukumar Binciken Muhalli ta Halitta (NERC) tare da abokan tarayya irin su Gidan Tarihi na Halitta, Binciken Geological na Biritaniya da JNCC. da yawan jami'o'in Biritaniya ana samun tallafin jama'a. Burtaniya ta dauki nauyin wasu manyan yankuna don binciken hakar ma'adinan teku mai zurfi, 133.000 km an rufe na Tekun Pasifik.

Fiye da masana kimiyya 700 daga kasashe 44 sun riga sun yi nasara akan masana'antar sanya hannu Buɗaɗɗen wasiƙa mai kira da a dakata. “Tsarin halittun ruwa da rayayyun halittu suna raguwa kuma yanzu ba lokaci ne da ya dace da fara amfani da masana’antu a cikin teku mai zurfi ba. Ana buƙatar dakatarwa don ba mu lokaci don cikakken fahimtar tasirin hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi don yanke shawara kan ko za a ci gaba. Ni da kaina, na rasa kwarin gwiwa ga hukumar ta ISA a halin yanzu don yanke wannan shawarar kuma a bayyane yake cewa wasu ƴan mutane, bisa muradun tattalin arziki, sun gurbata tsarin da ya kamata ya wakilci muradun dukkan bil'adama. In ji Alex Rogers, Farfesa a fannin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Oxford kuma Daraktan Kimiyya a REV Ocean.

Balaguron Smartex ya ziyarci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan wuraren da aka ba da lasisin bincike kuma ya koma wuraren da aka fara aikin hakar ma'adinai na farko a cikin 1979 don sa ido kan tasirin hakar ma'adinai na dogon lokaci. Kungiyar Greenpeace ta kasa da kasa ta bukaci da a samar da dukkan bayanai kan tasirin hakar ma'adinan teku a kan muhalli shekaru 44 da suka gabata don sanar da gwamnatoci a muhawarar a taron ISA da ke gudana.

Kamfanin hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi na UK Seabed Resources abokin aikin Smartex ne kuma gidan yanar gizon tsohon kamfanin iyayensa ya bayyana cewa wannan balaguro "mataki na gaba na shirin bincikensa”- wanda ya zama matakin da ya dace zuwa ga gwaje-gwajen hakar ma’adinai da Kamfanin ya shirya daga baya a wannan shekarar [4] [5].

Wannan dai ba shi ne karon farko da ake nuna damuwa a tarurrukan ISA ba game da banbance tsakanin binciken da ke da nufin inganta fahimtar dan Adam kan zurfin teku da ayyukan bincike don hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi. A Wasiƙar da masana kimiyyar zurfin teku 29 suka sa hannuwanda aka gabatar a taron ISA da ya gabata, ya bayyana cewa: “Gidan tekun kasa da kasa na dukkanmu ne. Mun fahimci dama da alhakin nazarin tsarin teku mai zurfi don amfanin ilimin ɗan adam. Binciken kimiya don fahimtar yadda tsarin halittu masu zurfin teku ke aiki da kuma tallafawa matakai masu mahimmanci ya bambanta da ayyukan da aka yi a ƙarƙashin kwangilar binciken da Hukumar Kula da Tekun Duniya ta bayar."

Tattaunawar a taron na ISA ya kasance har zuwa ranar 31 ga Maris. Jami'an diflomasiyya daga makon da ya gabata ya zargi shugaban hukumar ta ISA, Michael Lodge, da rashin nuna son kai da ake bukata a matsayinsa und Tsangwama a cikin yanke shawara na gwamnati a ISA hanzarta hakar ma'adinai.

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Jawabinsa

[1] Ga mutanen Pasifik, musamman a cikin tatsuniyoyi na Te Ao Māori, Moana ya mamaye tekuna daga wuraren tafkuna masu zurfi zuwa zurfin zurfin teku. Moiana shine teku. Kuma a yin haka, yana magana ne game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin dukan mutanen Pacific da Moana.

[2] Kwangiloli 31 don bincika yiwuwar haƙar ma'adinai mai zurfi, wanda ke rufe sama da murabba'in kilomita miliyan ɗaya na tekun tekun duniya, Hukumar Kula da Teku ta Duniya (ISA) ta ba da ita. Kasashe masu arziki sun mamaye ci gaban hakar ma'adinan teku masu zurfi kuma suna daukar nauyin 18 daga cikin lasisin bincike 31. Kasar Sin tana da wasu kwangiloli guda 5, wanda ke nufin kashi daya bisa hudu na kwangilar binciken ne kasashe masu tasowa ke rike da su. Babu wata al'ummar Afirka da ke daukar nauyin binciken ma'adinan teku mai zurfi kuma Cuba kawai daga yankin Latin Amurka da ke daukar nauyin lasisi a matsayin wani bangare na hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen Turai 5.

[3] Wannan balaguron wani bangare ne na shirin binciken kamfanin hakar ma'adinan teku na Burtaniya, bisa ga shafin yanar gizon kamfanin, tare da kamfani 2020 taƙaitaccen rahoton muhalli Cikakkun bayanai na shigar da albarkatun ruwa na Burtaniya a cikin Smartex daga farawa da kuma la'akari da "mahimman alƙawarin" kamfanin ga aikin. Sha'awar Kamfanin don ƙaura daga bincike zuwa amfani yana nunawa a cikin rahoton Seabed Resources na UK bukatun jama'a ga gwamnatoci su ba da izinin hakar ma'adinai mai zurfi da wuri-wuri. Ma'aikata biyu na UK Seabed Resources, ciki har da Daraktanta Christopher Willams, su ne da aka jera a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar aikin Smartex. Wadannan wakilan kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai kuma sun halarci shawarwarin hukumar kula da teku ta duniya a matsayin wani bangare na tawagar gwamnatin Burtaniya (Steve Persall a cikin 2018Christopher Williams sau da yawa, duk da haka karshe a watan Nuwamba 2022). Wannan balaguron ya share hanya ga kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Burtaniya don gwada kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai daga baya a cikin 2023 shirya balaguron bin diddigi a cikin 2024 bayan gwaje-gwajen ma'adinai

[4] UKSR mai gargaɗi Canjin mallakarta na baya-bayan nan a matsayin wani bangare na sauye-sauye daga ayyukan binciken "zuwa hanyar cin moriyar sahihiyar hanya," ko da yake yanke shawarar bude teku zuwa hakar ma'adinai ya rataya a wuyan gwamnatoci. Loke, kamfanin kasar Norway da ke siyan UKSR, ya bayyana matakin a matsayin "Ci gaba na dabi'a na haɗin gwiwar dabarun hadin gwiwa tsakanin Burtaniya da Norway a cikin masana'antar mai da iskar gas.".

[5] UKSR ya kasance, har kwanan nan, mallakar hannun Birtaniya na kamfanin Lockheed Martin na Amurka. A ranar 16 ga Maris, Loke Marine Minerals ta sanar da samun UKSR. Shugaban Loke Hans Olav Hide ya ce Reuters: "Muna da amincewar Gwamnatin Burtaniya… Manufarmu ita ce fara samarwa daga 2030."